Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-lrf7s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-30T10:06:59.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biological Relationships between Foragers and Farmers of South-Central North America: Nonmetric Dental Traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew Taylor  and
Darrell Creel
Matthew Taylor
Affiliation:
Jornada Museum Services (mstylr@rocketmail.com)
Darrell Creel
Affiliation:
Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Studies of relationships between archeology and biology in the south-central North America can enhance interpretations of social interactions between foraging and farming groups. The present report analyzes the adult dentition of hunter-gatherer populations from what is now Texas and compares them with adjacent samples of agriculturalists. These agriculturallist samples represent the Southwestern (Mimbres-Mogollon) and Southeastern (Caddo) cultural spheres. Nonmetric dental traits provide a useful means for evaluating the biological similarities between different populations. Mahalanobis distance analysis of these traits, drawn from 902 individuals, reveal relatively little morphological similarity between hunter-gatherer and farming groups. Except for a sample of Archaic foragers from the gulf coastal plain, hunter-gatherer samples are more similar to each other than to adjacent agriculturalists. Results suggest that Archaic populations were morphologically diverse, while there was relatively little gene flow between hunter-gatherer and farming populations during the Late Prehistoric period. The overall dissimilarity between hunter-gatherer, Mimbres, and Caddo samples suggests that each may have arisen from a relatively distant common ancestry.

Estudios de relaciones entre arqueología y biología en el sur-centro de Norte América pueden mejorar las interpretaciones sobre las interacciones sociales entre grupos forrajeros y campesinos. El presente informe analiza la dentición adulta de poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores de lo que hoy es Texas y las compara con muestras adyacentes de agricultores. Estas muestras de agricultores representan a las esferas culturales del Suroeste (Mimbre-Mogollón) y el Sureste (Caddo). Los rasgos dentales no-métricos proveen un modo útil para evaluar las semejanzas biológicas entre distintas poblaciones. El análisis de distancia de Mahalanobis de estos rasgos, efectuado en 902 individuos, revela relativamente poca similitud morfológica entre los grupos cazadores recolectores y los grupos campesinos. Excepto por una muestra de forrajeros arcaicos de la planicie costera del golfo, las muestras de cazadores-recolectores son más semejantes entre sí que con los agricultores vecinos. Los resultados sugieren que las poblaciones del Arcaico eran morfológicamente diversas, y que hubo relativamente poco flujo genético entre las poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores y las de agricultores durante el período Prehistórico Tardío. La disimilitud total entre las muestras de cazadores-recolectores, Mimbres, y Caddo, sugiere que cada uno puede haber surgido de un ancestro común relativamente distante.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 77 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 99 - 114
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Anyon, Roger, and LeBlanc, Steven A. 1984 The Galaz Ruin: A Prehistoric Mimbres Village in Southwestern New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Avise, John C., 1994 Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York.Google Scholar
Baker, Joan E., 2001 No Golden Age of Peace: A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Interpersonal Violence on the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station.Google Scholar
Bement, Leland C., 1994 Hunter-Gatherer Mortuary Practices during the Central Texas Archaic. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Black, Stephen L., 1995 Archeological and Ethnohistorical Background. In Archeological Investigations at the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28): A Prehistoric Cemetery and Campsite in Live Oak County, Texas, Vol. 1. by Anna J. Taylor and Cheryl L. Highley, pp. 31–45. Studies in Archeology 20. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Bousman, C. Britt, Baker, Barry W., and Kerr, Anne C. 2004 Paleoindian Archeology in Texas. In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula. pp. 15–97. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Boyd, Douglas K., 1997 Caprock Canyonlands Archeology: A Synthesis of the Late Prehistory and History of Lake Alan Henry and the Texas Panhandle-Plains. Reports of Investigations, Number 110. Austin, Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Google Scholar
Boyd, Douglas K., 2004 The Palo Duro Complex .In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula. pp. 296–330. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca, Menozzi, Paola, and Piazza, Alberto 1994 The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton University Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
Collins, Michael B., 1970 On the Peopling of Hitzfelter Cave. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 41:301–304.Google Scholar
Collins, Michael B., 1995 Forty Years of Archeology in Central Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 66:361–400.Google Scholar
Collins, Michael B., 2004 Archeology in Central Texas. In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 101–126. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Coppa, Alfredo, Cucina, A., Lucci, M., Mancinelli, D., and Varigiu, R. 2007 Origins and Spread of Agriculture in Italy: A Nonmetric Dental Analysis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 133:918–930.Google Scholar
Creel, Darrell, 1990 Excavations at41TG91 Tom Green County, Texas 1978. Publications in Archaeology Report No. 38, Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Austin.Google Scholar
Creel, Darrell, and Anyon, Roger 2003 New Interpretations of Mimbres Public Architecture and Space: Implications for Cultural Change. American Antiquity 68:67–92.Google Scholar
Danielson, Dennis R., and Reinhard, Karl J. 1998 Human Dental Microwear Caused by Calcium Oxalate Phytoliths in Prehistoric Diet of the Lower Pecos Region, Texas. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 107:297–304.Google Scholar
Dean, Jeffrey S., 1996 Demography, Environment, and Subsistence Stress. In Evolving Complexity and Environmental Risk in the Prehistoric Southwest, edited by Joseph A. Tainter and B. Bagley Tainter, pp. 25–56. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.Google Scholar
Derrick, Sharon M., and Wilson, Diane 1997 Cranial Modeling as an Ethnic Marker among the Prehistoric Caddo. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 68:139–146.Google Scholar
Edgar, Heather J., 2004 Dentitions, Distance, and Difficulty: A Comparison of Two Statistical Techniques for Dental Morphological Data . Dental Anthropology 17:55–62.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Marcus S., 1948 Dentition of Indian Crania from Texas. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 6:63–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Habicht-Mauche, Judith, 2008 Captive Wives? The Role and Status of Nonlocal Women on the Protohistoric Southern High Plains. In Invisible Citizens: Captives and Their Consequences, pp. 181–204, edited by Catherine Cameron. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Hall, Grant D., 1995a Descriptions and Chronologies of some Prehistoric Cemeteries in Texas In Archeological Investigations at the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28): A Prehistoric Cemetery and Campsite in Live Oak County, Texas, Vol. 1. by Anna J. Taylor and Cheryl L. Highley, pp. 47–57. Studies in Archeology 20. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, the University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Hall, Grant D., 1995b Prehistoric Cemeteries on the Texas Central Coastal Plain: Interpretations and Hypotheses. In Archeological Investigations at the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28): A Prehistoric Cemetery and Campsite in Live Oak County, Texas, Vol. 2. by Anna J. Taylor and Cheryl L. Highley. pp. 633–647. Studies in Archeology 20. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, the University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Harris, Edward F., and Sjøvold, Torstein 2004 Calculation of Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence for Intergroup Comparisons Using Nonmetric Data. Dental Anthropology 17:83–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartnady, P., and Rose, Jerome C. 1991 Abnormal Tooth-Loss Patterns among Archaic-Period Inhabitants of the Lower Pecos Region, Texas. In Advances in Dental Anthropology, edited by M.A. Kelley and C. Spencer Larsen, pp. 267–278. Wiley-Liss, New York.Google Scholar
Hester, Thomas R., 1989 A Chronological Framework for Lower Pecos Prehistory. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 59:53–64.Google Scholar
Hodges, Denise C., and Schell, Lawrence M. 1988 Power Analysis in Biological Anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 77:175–181.Google Scholar
Holiday, Vance T., and Meltzer, David J. 1996 Geoarchaeology of the Midland (Paleoindian) Site, Texas. American Antiquity 61:755–771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrdlička, Ales, 1938 Skeletal Remains from Northern Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 10:169–192.Google Scholar
Huebner, Jeffery A., 1991 Cactus for Dinner, Again! An Isotopic Analysis of Late Archaic Diet in the Lower Pecos Region of Texas. In Papers on Lower Pecos Prehistory, edited by Solveig A. Turpin, Studies in Archaeology Series 8. Archaeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin.Google Scholar
Johnson, Amber L., and Hard, Robert J. 2008 Exploring Texas Archaeology with a Model of Intensification. Plains Anthropologist 53:137–153.Google Scholar
Johnson, LeRoy, 1994 The Life and Times of the Toyah-Culture Folk: The Buckhollow Encampment, Site 41KM16, Kimble County, Texas. Office of the State Archeologist Report 38, Texas Historical Commission, Austin.Google Scholar
LeBlanc, Steven A., 1999 Prehistoric Warfare in the American Southwest. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
LeBlanc, Steven A., Turner, Christy G., and Morgan, Michelle 2008 Genetic Relationships Based on Discrete Dental Traits: Basketmaker II and Mimbres. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 18:109–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Christine, 1999 Origins and Interactions of the Caddo: A Study in Dental and Cranial Nonmetric Traits. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Lekson, Stephen H., 2002 War in the Southwest, War in the World. American Antiquity 67:607–624.Google Scholar
Neumann, Georg K., 1952 Archeology and Race in the American Indian. In Archeology of Eastern United States, edited by James B. Griffin, pp. 13–34. Chicago University Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Newcomb, William W., 1961 The Indians of Texas: From Prehistoric to Modern Times. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Patterson, Leland W., 1995 The Archeology of Southeast Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 66:239–264.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K., 1992 “The Caddo Nation”: Archaeological and Ethnohistoric Perspectives. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K., 2004a An Introduction to Texas Prehistoric Archeology. In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 5–14. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K., 2004b The Prehistoric and Caddoan Archeology of the Northeastern Texas Pineywoods. In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 370–408. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Powell, Joesph A., 1994 Bioarchaeological Analyses of Human Skeletal Remains from the Mitchell Ridge Site. In Aboriginal Life and Culture on the Upper Texas Coast: Archaeology at the Mitchell Ridge Site, 41GV66, Galveston Island, by Robert A Ricklis, pp. 287–405. Coastal Archaeological Research, Inc., Corpus Christi, Texas.Google Scholar
Powell, Joesph A., 1995 Dental Variation and Biological Affinity among Middle Holocene Human Populations in North America. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station.Google Scholar
Prewitt, Elton R., 1974 Archeological Investigations at the Loeve-Fox Site, Williamson County, Texas. Research Report 49. Texas Archeological Survey, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Prewitt, Elton R., 1981 Cultural Chronology in Central Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 52:65–89.Google Scholar
Prewitt, Elton R., 1982 Archeological Investigations at the Loeve-Fox, Loeve, and Tombstone Bluff Sites in the Granger Lake District of Central Texas. In Archeological Investigations at the San Gabriel Reservoir Districts, Central Texas, Volume 4, edited by T. R. Hays. Institute of Applied Sciences, North Texas State University, Denton.Google Scholar
Ray, Cyrus N., 1933 Multiple Burials in Stone Cist Mounds of the Abilene Region. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 5:14–25.Google Scholar
Ray, Cyrus N., 1937 More Evidence Concerning Abilene Man. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 9:193–215.Google Scholar
Reinhard, Karl J., 1992 The Impact of Diet and Parasitism on Anemia in the Prehistoric West. In Diet, Demography and Disease: Changing Perspectives of Anemia, edited by P. Stuart-Macadam and S. Kent, pp. 219–258. Aldine deGruyter, New York.Google Scholar
Ricklis, Robert A., 2004 Prehistoric Occupation of the Central and Lower Texas Coast. In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 155–180. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Rightmire, G. P., 1969 On the Computation of Mahalanobis’ Generalized Distance (D2). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30:157–160.Google Scholar
Sciulli, Paul W., 1998 Evolution of the Dentition in Prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans:II. Morphology of the Deciduous Dentition. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 106:189–205.Google Scholar
Scott, Richard, and Christy, Turner G. II 1997 The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Scott, G. Richard, Potter, R. H. Y., Noss, John F., Dahlberg, Albert A., and Dahlberg, Thelma 1983 The Dental Morphology of Pima Indians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 61:13–31.Google Scholar
Shafer, Harry J., 1989 The Prehistoric Legacy of the Lower Pecos Region of Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 59:23–52.Google Scholar
Shafer, Harry J., 2005 A Crisis in Texas Archeology—A Commentary. Texas Archeology 49(2):22–14.Google Scholar
Shafer, Harry J., 2006 People of the Prairie: A Possible Connection to the Davis Site Caddo.Google Scholar
Council of Texas Archeologists. Electronic document, http://www.counciloftexasarcheologists.org/publications/PrairieCaddoModule.pdf. Google Scholar
Skibo, James M., McCluney, Eugene B., and Walker, William H. 2002 The Joyce Well Site: On the Frontier of the Casas Grandes World. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Stewart, T. Dale, 1935 Skeletal Remains from Southwestern Texas. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 20:213–231.Google Scholar
Stewart, T. Dale, 1955 Description of the Human Skeletal Remains. In The Midland Discovery: A Report on the Pleistocene Human Remains from Midland, Texas, by Fred Wendorf, Alex D. Krieger, and Claude C. Albritton. pp. 77–90. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Stuart, David E., and Gauthier, Rory P. 1981 Prehistoric New Mexico: Background for Survey. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Swanton, John R., 1942 Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 132, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anna J., 1995 An Overview of Mortuary Traits at Loma Sandia and Certain Other Texas Sites. In Archeological Investigations at the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28): A Prehistoric Cemetery and Campsite in Live Oak County, Texas, Vol. 2. by Anna J. Taylor and Cheryl L. Highley. pp. 663–699. Studies in Archeology 20. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, the University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Taylor, Matthew S., 2005 Dental Wear and Pathology During the Middle Archaic of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 76:173–183.Google Scholar
Turner, Christy G. II, 1999 The Dentition of Casas Grandes with Suggestions on Epigenetic Relationships among Mexican and Southwestern U.S. Populations. In The Casas Grandes World, edited by by C.F. Schaafsma and C. L. Riley, pp. 229–233. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Turner, Christy G. II, Nichol, Christian R., and Richard Scott, G. 1991 Scoring Procedures for Key Morphological Traits of the Permanent Dentition: The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. In Advances in Dental Anthropology, edited by Marc Kelley and Clark S. Larsen, pp. 13–31. Wiley-Liss, New York.Google Scholar
Turpin, Solveig A., 1988 Cultural Implications of Seminole Sink. Plains Anthropologist Memoir 22:119–141.Google Scholar
Turpin, Solveig A., 2004 The Lower Pecos River Region of Texas and Northern Mexico. In The Prehistory of Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula. pp. 266–280. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.Google Scholar
Woodbury, G., 1937 Notes on some Skeletal Remains of Texas. University of Texas Bulletin 3734:9–16.Google Scholar
Wright, Sewall, 1943 Isolation by Distance. Genetics 28:114–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed