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1377 results in History of psychology

Page 51 of 69

  • 6 - Natural-science Psychology between the world wars

  • Richard T. G. Walsh, Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Thomas Teo, York University, Toronto, Angelina Baydala, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
  • Book:
    A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology
    Published online:
    28 May 2018
    Print publication:
    20 March 2014, pp 251-302

  • Summary

    Introduction

    From the 1910s to World War II natural-science Psychology expanded its scope internationally, while in the USA it also became a prominent social force in its practical applications. In this chapter, we discuss the discipline’s social context and institutional development during this period. Then we review the major schools of thought and scientific developments in basic psychological, developmental, and interpersonal processes. Next we consider psychologists’ relationship to the social order. We conclude with themes that capture the intellectual development of natural-science Psychology in the post-World War I era.

    The aims of Chapter 6 are to describe:

  • The social context, including socioeconomic conditions and scientific developments, which facilitated Psychology’s expansion after World War I.

  • Developments in Psychology internationally during this period.

  • The principal schools of thought between the wars: Gestalt theory, field theory, higher nervous activity, and neobehaviourism.

  • The major contributions in basic psychological processes, including brain mechanisms and learning, memory, and language.

  • The emergence of developmental psychology internationally.

  • The major developments in the interpersonal areas of Psychology.

  • Psychologists’ relationship to the social order, including collaboration with the state and responses to the Depression, sexism, and racism.

  • The central themes that summarize Psychology’s development between the wars: narrow purview, biological reductionism, disciplinary fragmentation, and alliance with the political and socioeconomic status quo.

  • 4 - The philosophical and scientific climate in the nineteenth century

  • Richard T. G. Walsh, Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Thomas Teo, York University, Toronto, Angelina Baydala, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
  • Book:
    A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology
    Published online:
    28 May 2018
    Print publication:
    20 March 2014, pp 151-201

  • Summary

    Introduction

    In Chapters 2 and 3 we considered the philosophical and scientific ideas of previous centuries that laid the intellectual foundations for Psychology. Now we discuss the immediate roots of Psychology’s inception in nineteenth-century philosophy and the natural sciences. But first we address the fractious state of society during this era. Due to the manifold developments occurring within and outside what are called Western nations (i.e., Europe, Russia, Canada, the US, Australia, and New Zealand), such a characterization remains fragmented itself.

    Anglo-American and European culture was in turmoil economically, politically, and socially due to the Industrial Revolution, political strife, and social movements for the emancipation of workers, women, and slaves. Privileged nations cemented their roles as colonial and imperial powers during this time. Upheavals of thought, such as the Romantic movement, paralleled these developments. Yet the preponderant intellectual orientation remained the rule of reason and experience informed by scientific knowledge.

William James, Sciences of Mind, and Anti-Imperial Discourse
  • Bernadette M. Baker
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    30 September 2013
  • In the past few decades, the humanities and social sciences have developed new methods of reorienting their conceptual frameworks in a 'world without frontiers'. In this book, Bernadette M. Baker offers an innovative approach to rethinking sciences of mind as they formed at the turn of the twentieth century, via the concerns that have emerged at the turn of the twenty-first. The less-visited texts of Harvard philosopher and psychologist William James provide a window into contemporary debates over principles of toleration, anti-imperial discourse and the nature of ethics. Baker revisits Jamesian approaches to the formation of scientific objects including the child mind, exceptional mental states and the ghost to explore the possibilities and limits of social scientific thought dedicated to mind development and discipline formation around the construct of the West.

Page 51 of 69