Pescosolido, BA, Martin, JK, Link, BG, et al. American’s Views of Mental Health and Illness at Century’s End: Continuity and Change. Public Report on the MacArthur Mental Health Module, 1996 General Social Survey. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Consortium for Mental Health Services Research and Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; 2000.Google Scholar

Pescosolido, BA, Monahan, J, Link, BG, Stueve, A, Kikuzawa, S. The public’s view of the competence, dangerousness, and need for legal coercion of persons with mental health problems. Am. J. Public Health. 1999; 89(9): 1339–1345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Corrigan, PW. On the Stigma of Mental Illness: Practical Strategies for Research and Social Change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005.Google Scholar

Wahl, OF. Media Madness: Public Images of Mental Illness. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; 1997.Google Scholar

Markowitz, FE. Mental illness, crime, and violence: risk, context, and social control. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2011; 16(1): 36–44.Google Scholar

Institute of Medicine (US). Committee on Crossing the Quality Chasm, Adaptation to Mental Health, and Addictive Disorders. Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2006.Google Scholar

Elbogen, EB, Johnson, SC. The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2009; 66(2): 152–161.Google Scholar

Pardini, DA, Raine, A, Erickson, K, Loeber, R. Lower amygdala volume in men is associated with childhood aggression, early psychopathic traits, and future violence. Biol. Psychiatry. 2014; 75(1): 73–80.Google Scholar

Glenn, AL, Raine, A, Schug, RA. The neural correlates of moral decision-making in psychopathy. Mol. Psychiatry. 2009; 14(1): 5–6.Google Scholar

Aharoni, E, Vincent, GM, Harenski, CL, et al. Neuroprediction of future rearrest. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2013; 110(15): 6223–6228.Google Scholar

Fairchild, G, van Goozen, SHM, Calder, AJ, Goodyer, IM. Research review: evaluating and reformulating the developmental taxonomic theory of antisocial behavior. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2013; 54(9): 924–940.Google Scholar

Teicher, MH, Andersen, SL, Polcari, A, et al. The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2003; 27(1–2): 33–44.Google Scholar

Andrews, DA, Bonta, J. The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, 5th edn. Cinicinnatti, OH: Anderson Publishing Co; 2010.Google Scholar

Draine, J, Salzer, MS, Culhane, DP, Hadley, TR. Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr. Serv. 2002; 53(5): 565–573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bonta, J, Law, M, Hanson, K. The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 1998; 123(2): 123–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Yochelson, S, Samenow, SE. The Criminal Personality. Volume I: A Profile for Change. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson; 1976.Google Scholar

Wilson, AB, Farkas, K, Ishler, K, et al. Criminal thinking styles among people with serious mental illness in jail. Law Hum. Behav. 2014; 38(6): 592–601.Google Scholar

Morgan, RD, Fisher, WH, Duan, N, Mandracchia, JT, Murray, D. Prevalence of criminal thinking among state prison inmates with serious mental illness. Law Hum. Behav. 2010; 34(4): 324–336.Google Scholar

Wolff, N, Morgan, RD, Shi, J, Fisher, W, Huening, J. Comparative analysis of thinking styles and emotional states of male and female inmates with and without mental disorders. Psychiatric Services, 2011; 62: 1458–1493.Google Scholar

Walters, GD. Criminal thinking as a mediator of the mental illness–prison violence relationship: a path analytic study and causal mediation analysis. Psychol. Serv. 2011; 8(3): 189–199.Google Scholar

Phillips, HK, Gray, NS, MacCulloch, SI, et al. Risk assessment in offenders with mental disorders relative efficacy of personal demographic, criminal history, and clinical variables. J. Interpers. Violence. 2005; 20(7): 833–847.Google Scholar

Douglas, KS, Guy, LS, Hart, SD. Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 2009; 135(5): 679–706.Google Scholar

Skeem, JL, Manchak, S, Peterson, JK. Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness. Law Hum. Behav. 2011; 35(2): 110–126.Google Scholar

Carr, WA, Rosenfeld, B, Magyar, M, Rotter, M. An exploration of criminal thinking styles among civil psychiatric patients. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health. 2009; 19(5): 334–346.Google Scholar

Fazel, S, Gulati, G, Linsell, L, Geddes, JR, Grann, M. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine. 2009; 6(8): e1000120.Google Scholar

Gross, NR, Morgan, RD. Understanding persons with mental illness who are and are not criminal justice involved: a comparison of criminal thinking and psychiatric symptoms. Law Hum. Behav. 2013; 37(3): 175–186.Google Scholar

Gross, NR, Morgan, RD. Criminal thinking in a community mental health sample: effects on treatment engagement, psychiatric recovery, and criminalness. Manuscript in preparation for publication. See: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/58919.Google Scholar

Bolanos, A, Morgan, RD, Mitchell, S, Gabrowski, K. Shared risk factors among persons with mental illness with or without involvement in the criminal justice system. Manuscript in preparation for publication.Google Scholar

Skeem, JL, Winter, E, Kennealy, PJ, Eno Louden, J, Tatar, JR II. Offenders with mental illness have criminogenic needs, too: toward recidivism reduction. Law and Hum. Behav. 2014; 38(3): 212–224.Google Scholar

Lilienfeld, SO. Comorbidity between and within childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders: reflections and directions. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 2003; 31(3): 285–291.Google Scholar

Abramsky, S, Fellner, J. Ill Equipped: U.S. Prisons and Offenders with Mental Illness. New York: Human Rights Watch; 2003.Google Scholar

Torrey, EF, Kennard, AD, Eslinger, D, Lamb, R, Pavle, J. More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons than Hospitals: A Survey of the States. Arlington, VA: Treatment Advocacy Center; 2010.Google Scholar

James, DJ, Glaze, LE. Mental Health Problems of Prison and Jail Inmates. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, NCJ 213600. Washington, DC: Department of Justice; 2006.Google Scholar

Steadman, HJ, Osher, FC, Robbins, PC, Case, B, Samuels, S. Prevalence of serious mental illness among jail inmates. Psychiatr. Serv. 2009; 60(6): 761–765.Google Scholar

Kessler, RC, Chiu, WT, Demler, O, Walters, EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2005; 62(6): 617–627.Google Scholar

Calsyn, RJ, Yonker, RD, Lemming, MR, Morse, GA, Klinkenberg, WD. Impact of assertive community treatment and client characteristics on criminal justice outcomes in dual disorder homeless individuals. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health. 2005; 15(4): 236–248.Google Scholar

Morrissey, J, Meyer, P, Cuddeback, G. Extending assertive community treatment to criminal justice settings: origins, current evidence, and future directions. Community Ment. Health J. 2007; 43(5): 527–544.Google Scholar

Crisanti, AS, Frueh, BC. Risk of trauma exposure among persons with mental illness in jails and prisons: what do we really know? Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2011; 24(5): 431–435.Google Scholar

Wolff, N, Shi, J, Blitz, CL, Siegel, J. Understanding sexual victimization inside prisons: factors that predict risk. Criminology and Public Policy. 2007; 6(3): 535–564.Google Scholar

Metzner, JL, Fellner, J. Solitary confinement and mental illness in US prisons: a challenge for medical ethics. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. 2010; 38(1): 104–108.Google Scholar

Grassian, S. Solitary confinement can cause severe psychiatric harm. Long Term View. 2010; 7(2): 15–19.Google Scholar

Haney, C.Mental health issues in long-term solitary and “supermax” confinement. Crime and Delinquency. 2003; 49(1): 124–156.Google Scholar

Bhalla, AS. Herman’s House [DVD]. Brooklyn, NY: Public Broadcast Station; 2012.Google Scholar

Nolan, KA, Czobor, P, Roy, BB, et al. Characteristics of assaultive behavior among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr. Serv. 2003; 54(7): 1012–1016.Google Scholar

Quanbeck, CD, McDermott, BE, Lam, J, et al. Categorization of aggressive acts committed by chronically assaultive state hospital patients. Psychiatr. Serv. 2007; 58(4): 521–528.Google Scholar

McDermott, BE, Edens, JF, Quanbeck, CD, Busse, D, Scott, CL. Examining the role of static and dynamic risk factors in the prediction of inpatient violence: variable- and person-focused analyses. Law Hum. Behav. 2008; 32(4): 325–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Warburton, K. The new mission of forensic mental health systems: managing violence as a medical syndrome in an environment that balances treatment and safety. CNS Spectr. 2014; 32(4): 325–338.Google Scholar

Haney, C. Prison overcrowding. In Cutler, BL, Zapf, PA, eds. APA Handbook of Forensic Psychology, Vol. 2: Criminal Investigation, Adjudication, and Sentencing Outcomes. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2015: 415–436.Google Scholar

Schmitt, J, Warner, K, Gupta, S. The High Budgetary Costs of Incarceration. Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research; 2010.Google Scholar

Heilbrun, K, DeMatteo, D, Yasuhara, K, et al. Community-based alternatives for justice-involved individuals with severe mental illness: Review of the relevant research. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2012; 39(4): 351–419.Google Scholar

Cosden, M, Ellens, JK, Schnell, JL, Yamini-Diouf, Y. Efficacy of mental health treatment court with assertive community treatment. Behav. Sci. Law. 2005; 23(2): 199–214.Google Scholar

Herinckx, HA, Swart, SC, Ama, SM, Dolezal, CD, King, S. Rearrest and linkage to mental health services among clients of the Clark County mental health court program. Psychiatr. Serv. 2005; 56(7): 853–857.Google Scholar

Hiday, V, Ray, B. Arrests two years after exiting a well-established mental health court. Psychiatr. Serv. 2010; 61(5): 463–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McNiel, DE, Binder, RL. Effectiveness of a mental health court in reducing criminal recidivism and violence. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2007; 164(9): 1395–1403.Google Scholar

Skeem, J, Manchak, S, Vida, S, Hart, E. Probationers with mental disorder: what (really) works? Paper presented at the American Psychology and Law Society (AP-LS) 2009 Annual Conference, March 5, 2009–March 7, 2009; San Antonio, TX.Google Scholar

Stromwall, LK, Hurdle, D. Psychiatric rehabilitation: an empowerment-based approach to mental health services. Health Soc. Work. 2003; 28(3): 206–213.Google Scholar

Corrigan, PW, Mueser, KT, Bond, GR, Drake, RE, Solomon, P. Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Rehabilitation: An Empirical Approach. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.Google Scholar

Alverson, H, Alverson, M, Drake, RE. An ethnographic study of the longitudinal course of substance abuse among people with severe mental illness. Community Ment. Health J. 2000; 36(6): 557–569.Google Scholar

Appleby, L, Desai, P. Residential instability: a perspective on system imbalance. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry. 1987; 57(4): 515–524.Google Scholar

Kushel, MB, Vittinghoff, E, Haas, JS. Factors associated with the health care utilization of homeless persons. JAMA. 2001; 285(2): 200–206.Google Scholar

Martell, JV, Seitz, RS, Harada, JK, et al. Hospitalization in an urban homeless population: the Honolulu Urban Homeless Project. Ann. Intern. Med. 1992; 116 (4): 299–303.Google Scholar

O’Connell, M, Rosenheck, R, Kasprow, W, Frisman, L. An examination of fulfilled housing preferences and quality of life among homeless persons with mental illness and/or substance use disorders. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research. 2006; 33(3): 354–365.Google Scholar

Morgan, RD, Flora, DB, Kroner, DG, et al. Treating offenders with mental illness: a research synthesis. Law Hum. Behav. 2012; 36(1): 37–50.Google Scholar

Moran, P, Hodgins, S. The correlates of comorbid antisocial personality disorder in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2004; 30(4): 791–802.Google Scholar

Bewley, MT, Morgan, RD. A national survey of mental health services available to offenders with mental illness: who is doing what? Law Hum. Behav. 2011; 35(5): 351–363.Google Scholar

Andrews, DA, Bonta, J, Hoge, RD. Classification for effective rehabilitation: Rediscovering psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1990; 17(1): 19–52.Google Scholar

Gendreau, P, Goggin, C. Treating criminal offenders. In Weiner, IB, Otto, RK, eds. Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2014: 759–793.Google Scholar

Andrews, DA, Bonta, J. Psychology of Criminal Conduct, 4th edn. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing; 2006.Google Scholar

Lamb, HR, Bachrach, LL. Some perspectives on deinstitutionalization. Psychiatr. Serv. 2001; 52(8): 1039–1045.Google Scholar

Lamb, HR,Weinberger, LE. Persons with severe mental illness in jails and prisons: a review. Psychiatr. Serv. 1998; 49(4): 483–492.Google Scholar

Teplin, LA. Criminalizing mental disorder: the comparative arrest rate of the mentally ill. Am. Psychol. 1984; 39(7): 794–803.Google Scholar

Martin, MS, Dorken, SK, Wamboldt, AD, Wooten, SE. Stopping the revolving door: a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of interventions for criminally involved individuals with major mental disorders. Law Hum. Behav. 2012; 36(1): 1–12.Google Scholar

Lamberti, JS, Weisman, RL, Schwarzkopf, SB, et al. The mentally ill in jails and prisons: towards an integrated model of prevention. Psychiatr. Q. 2001; 72(1): 63–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hodgins, S, Müller-Isberner, R, Freese, R, et al. A comparison of general adult and forensic patients with schizophrenia living in the community. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. 2007; 6(1): 63–75.Google Scholar

Morgan, RD, Kroner, DG,Mills, JF, Bauer, R, Serna, C. Treating justice involved persons with mental illness preliminary evaluation of a comprehensive treatment program. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2014; 41(7): 902–916.Google Scholar

Van Horn, SA, Morgan, RD. Mental health care in the justice system. In A. Wenzel, ed. Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. Thousand Oaks: Sage. In press.Google Scholar

Swartz, MS, Swanson, JW, Hiday, VA, et al. Violence and severe mental illness: the effects of substance abuse and nonadherence to medication. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998; 155(2): 226–231.Google Scholar

Robbins, PC, Monahan, J, Silver, E. Mental disorder, violence, and gender. Law Hum. Behav. 2003; 27(6): 561–571.Google Scholar

Cortoni, F, Nunes, K, Latendresse, M. An Examination of the Effectiveness of the Violence Prevention Programme. Research Report No 178. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Correctional Services of Canada; 2006.Google Scholar

Polaschek, DLL, Dixon, BG. The Violence Prevention Project: the development and evaluation of a treatment programme for violent offenders. Psychology, Crime, and Law. 2001; 7(1–4): 1–27.Google Scholar

Serin, RC, Preston, DL. Managing and treating violent offenders. In Ashford, JB, Sales, BD, Reid, W, eds. Treating Adult and Juvenile Offenders with Special Needs. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2001.Google Scholar

Wong, SCP, Gordon, A, Gu, D. Assessment and treatment of violence prone forensic clients: an integrated approach. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2007; 190(49): 66–74.Google Scholar

Wang, EW, Owens, RM, Long, SA, Diamond, PM, Smith, JL. The effectiveness of rehabilitation of persistently violent male prisoners. Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol. 2000; 44(4): 505–514.Google Scholar

Wong, S, Gordon, A. The violence reduction program: a treatment program for violence prone forensic clients. Psychology, Crime, and Law. 2013; 19(5–6): 461–475.Google Scholar

Di Placido, C, Simon, T, Witte, T, Gu, D, Wong, SCP. Treatment of gang members can reduce recidivism and institutional misconduct. Law Hum. Behav. 2006; 30(1): 93–114.Google Scholar

Wong, SCP, Van der Veen, S, Leis, T, et al. Reintegrating seriously violent and personality disordered offenders from a super-maximum security institution into the general offender population. Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol. 2005; 49(4): 362–375.Google Scholar

Raine, A, Mellingen, K, Liu, J, Venables, P, Mednick, SA. Effects of environmental enrichment at ages 3–5 years on schizotypal personality and antisocial behavior at ages 17 and 23 years. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003; 160(9): 1627–1635.Google Scholar

Miller, A. The criminal mind. Monitor on Psychology. 2014; 45(2): 39.Google Scholar