Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:19:26.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Social Relationships and Well-Being in Very Late Life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

Howard Litwin
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Leonard W. Poon
Affiliation:
University of Georgia
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
Affiliation:
Tel-Aviv University
Get access

Summary

ABSTRACT

This chapter examines social networks and social exchange in relation to morale and survival among older Jewish Israelis. Using empirical data, the presentation shows that embeddedness in robust social networks and provision of help both decrease as age and disability increase. However, persons who retain robust networks and those who give help have better morale and greater likelihood of 7-year survival. The data underscore the great diversity that prevails among the oldest old.

INTRODUCTION

Study of the association between social relationships and well-being in very old age is an important undertaking. Social relationships are believed to affect well-being and the quality of late life. However, various aspects of social relationships can be considered measures of well-being in their own right, a means through which one may enhance his or her quality of life, or both. It is necessary, therefore, to better understand the ways in which these two domains – social relationships and well-being – are associated and to elucidate the nature of their relationship among the oldest old.

This chapter examines the association of social relationships and well-being in very late life, looking particularly at data that describe the life situations of older Israeli adults. Two interrelated aspects of social relationships are considered in this regard. First is the notion of social network, or the degree to which one is embedded in a structure of social ties.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antonucci, T. C., Fuhrer, R., & Dartigues, J. F. (1997). Social relations and depressive symptomatology in a sample of community-dwelling French older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12, 189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkman, L. F., & Syme, S. L. (1979). Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A 9-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 186–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bisschop, M. I., Kriegsman, D. M. W., Tilburg, T. G., Penninx, B., Eijk, J. T. M., & Deeg, D. J. H. (2003). The influence of differing social ties on decline in physical functioning among older people with and without chronic diseases: The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 15, 164–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boersch-Supan, A., Hank, K., & Juerges, H. (2005). A new comprehensive and international view on ageing: Introducing the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. European Journal of Ageing, 2, 245–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosworth, H. B., & Schaie, K. W. (1997). The relationship of social environment, social networks, and health outcomes in the Seattle Longitudinal Study: Two analytical approaches. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52, P197–P205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowling, A., & Browne, P. D. (1991). Social networks, health, and emotional well-being among the oldest in London. Journals of Gerontology, 46, S20–S32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., & Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality. Psychological Science, 14, 320–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carstensen, L. L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 7, 331–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carstensen, L. L., Fung, H. H., & Charles, S. T. (2003). Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 103–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M., Stewart, M. D., Banerjee, S., Huppert, F., Mendonca-Lima, C., et al. (2007). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries: The SHARE study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 393–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cerhan, J. R., & Wallace, R. B. (1997). Change in social ties and subsequent mortality in rural elders. Epidemiology, 8, 475–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Roley, D. F., White, L. R., Suzman, R., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., et al. (1985). Epidemiology of disability in the oldest old: Methodological issues and preliminary findings. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society, 63, 350–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, D., & Rank, M. R. (1992). Inter-vivos transfers and intergenerational exchange. Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, 305–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiori, K. L., Antonucci, T. C., & Cortina, K. S. (2006). Social network typologies and mental health among older adults. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 61, P25–P32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fung, H. H., Carstensen, L. L., & Lang, F. R. (2001). Age-related patterns in social networks among European Americans and African Americans: Implications for socioemotional selectivity across the life span. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 52, 185–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fung, H. H., Carstensen, L. L., & Lutz, A. M. (1999). Influence of time on social preferences: Implications for life-span development. Psychology and Aging, 14, 595–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giles, L. C., Glonek, G. F. V., Luszcz, M. A., & Andrews, G. R. (2005). Effect of social networks on 10 year survival in very old Australians: The Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 574–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grundy, E., & Bowling, A. (1999). Enhancing the quality of extended life years: Identification of the oldest old with a very good and very poor quality of life. Aging and Mental Health, 3, 199–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilley, E., Pin, S., Spini, D., d'Epinay, C. L., Herrmann, F., & Michel, J. P. (2005). Association between social relationships and survival of Swiss octogenarians: A five-year prospective, population-based study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 419–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henretta, J. C., Hill, M. S., Li, W., Soldo, B. J., & Wolf, D. A. (1997). Selection of children to provide care: The effect of earlier parental transfers. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52, S110–S119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iecovich, E., & Lankri, M. (2002). Attitudes of elderly persons towards receiving financial support from adult children. Journal of Aging Studies, 16, 121–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., & Smith, J. (2008). Self-perceptions of aging: Do subjective age and satisfaction with aging change during old age? Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 63B, P377–P385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohli, M., & Künemund, H. (2003). Intergenerational transfers in the family: What motives for giving? In Bengtson, V. L. & Lowenstein, A. (Eds.), Global aging and challenges to families. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Litwin, H. (2001). Social network type and morale in old age. Gerontologist, 41, 516–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litwin, H. (2004a). Intergenerational exchange and mental health in later-life: The case of older Jewish Israelis. Aging and Mental Health, 8, 196–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litwin, H. (2004b). Intergenerational exchange patterns and their correlates in an aging Israeli cohort. Research on Aging, 26, 202–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litwin, H. (2006a). The path to well-being among elderly Arab-Israelis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 21, 25–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litwin, H. (2006b). Social networks and self-rated health: A cross-cultural examination among older Israelis. Journal of Aging and Health, 18, 335–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litwin, H. (2007a). The interpersonal milieu of older people. In Carmel, S., Morse, C., & Gil, F. Torres (Eds.), Lessons on aging from three nations (Vol. 1, pp. 169–184). Amityville, NY: Baywood.Google Scholar
Litwin, H. (2007b). What really matters in the social network-mortality association? A multivariate examination among older Jewish-Israelis. European Journal of Ageing, 4, 71–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litwin, H., & Shiovitz-Ezra, S. (2006). Network type and mortality risk in later-life. Gerontologist, 46, 735–743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGarry, K., & Schoeni, R. F. (1995). Transfer behaviour in the health and retirement study: Measurement and the redistribution of resources within the family. Journal of Human Resources, 30, S184–S226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J. C. (1969). The concept and use of social networks. In Mitchell, J. C. (Ed.), Social networks in urban situations. London: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Rasulo, D., Christensen, K., & Tomassini, C. (2005). The influence of social relations on mortality in later life: A study on elderly Danish twins. Gerontologist, 45, 601–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverstein, M., Conroy, S. J., Wang, H. T., Giarrusso, R., & Bengtson, V. L. (2002). Reciprocity in parent-child relations over the adult life course. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 57, S3–S13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverstein, M., Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1995). Factors that predispose middle-aged sons and daughters to provide social support to older parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 465–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tesch-Romer, C., Motel-Klingebiel, A., & Kondratowitz, H. J. (2002). The relevance of the family network for the quality of life of elderly people: Comparing societies and cultures. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 35, 335–342.Google Scholar
Wenger, G. C. (1991). A network typology: From theory to practice. Journal of Aging Studies, 5, 147–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×