The transformation of EU treaty making is about trust as well as tactics. The evidence presented in this book is consistent with the claim that national governments tied their hands to boost their bargaining position in treaty making. At the same time, problems of public trust in the EU and its member states appear to have encouraged national governments to involve the people, parliament and courts in EU treaty making. Changing constitutional rules and norms have discouraged treaty amendment in the EU but not deterred it entirely, not least given national governments’ tendency to contest referendum results and their turn to international law treaties. This chapter recalls the key findings of this study and considers their wider implications for the study of the EU and the international system.