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Chapter 4 - Mental Health Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2020

Christina Richards
Affiliation:
Nottingham Centre for Transgender Health
James Barrett
Affiliation:
Charing Cross Gender Identity Clinic
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Summary

In the World Health Organization’s historic International classification of diseases version 10 (WHO, ICD 10, 1992), and all earlier versions which considered the matter, gender dysphoria was termed ‘Transsexualism’ and classified in the section devoted to disorders of adult personality and behaviour. By the early twenty-first century, this placement came to seem increasingly inappropriate, not least because, notwithstanding prejudice towards trans people leading to depression and anxiety (Robles et al., 2016), the rates of psychopathology are no higher among trans people than among cisgender people (Colizzi, Costa, & Todarello, 2014; Hill et al., 2005; Hoshiai et al., 2010; Simon et al., 2011).

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References

Further Reading

Richards, C., Bouman, W. P., & Barker, M. J. (eds.). (2018). Genderqueer and non-binary genders. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 11. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar

References

Colizzi, M., Costa, R., & Todarello, O. (2014). Transsexual patients’ psychiatric comorbidity and positive effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health: Results from a longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39(1), 6573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, D. B., Rozanski, C., Carfagnini, J., & Willoughby, B. (2005). Gender identity disorders in childhood and adolescence: A critical inquiry. In Karasic, D. & Drescher, J. (eds.), Sexual and gender diagnoses of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) (pp. 734). New York: The Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Hoshiai, M., Matsumoto, Y., Sato, T., Ohnishi, M., Okabe, N., Kishimoto, Y., Terada, S., & Kuroda, S. (2010). Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64, 514519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Øien, R. A., Cicchetti, D. V., & Nordahl-Hansen, A. (2018). Gender dysphoria, sexuality and autism spectrum disorders: A systematic map review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(12), 40284037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robles, R., Fresán, A., Vega-Ramírez, H., Cruz-Islas, J., Rodríguez-Pérez, V., Domínguez-Martínez, T., & Reed, G. M. (2016). Removing transgender identity from the classification of mental disorders: A Mexican field study for ICD-11. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(9), 850859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, L., Zsolt, U., Fogd, D., & Czobor, P. (2011). Dysfunctional core beliefs, perceived parenting behavior and psychopathology in gender identity disorder: A comparison of male-to-female, female-to-male transsexual and nontranssexual control subjects. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 42(1), 3845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. (1992). International classification of diseases 10 (2nd ed.). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2019a). ICD11: Classifying disease to map the way we live and die. Retrieved 16 May 2019 from www.who.int/health-topics/international-classification-of-diseasesGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (2019b). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 11. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar

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