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Chapter 14 - Motor Thalamic Interactions with the Brainstem and Basal Ganglia

from Section 6: - Motor Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2022

By
Jesse H. Goldberg
Edited by
Michael M. Halassa
Michael M. Halassa
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Summary

The motor thalamus is interconnected with the brainstem, cortex, and basal ganglia and plays major roles in planning, sequencing, and executing action. In this chapter, I highlight roles of input-defined thalamic circuits in motor sequence production and learning. Brainstem–motor thalamic pathways carry efference copy signals important for the production of both innate and learned motor sequences, for example, during saccades, grooming, and birdsong. Basal ganglia thalamocortical loops implement aspects of reinforcement learning, including the generation of motor exploration during vocal babbling. Classic "gating" models of basal ganglia–thalamic transmission fail to explain thalamic discharge during behavior, which instead appears strongly driven by cortical inputs. A challenge going forward is to determine if there are conserved principles of thalamic function across diverse motor thalamic subregions.

Keywords

thalamusbasal gangliabrainstemreinforcement learningefference copysaccadesbirdsonggrooming
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Chapter
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The Thalamus , pp. 269 - 283
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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