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1 - Normal development and physiology of the immune system

from Part I - Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2010

By
Sherilyn Smith  and
Ann J. Melvin
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Sherilyn Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
Ann J. Melvin
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Summary

Overview

Clinicians involved in the care of children with HIV infection are faced with the dual challenge of understanding the effect of HIV on the immune system and applying this knowledge to patients who, even under normal circumstances, have an immature and changing immune response. Understanding the function of the immune system and the developmental differences in the immune system of children compared with adults will facilitate and improve patient care. This knowledge will aid in effectively interpreting laboratory results, help define disease risk, and improve the understanding of the manifestations and outcome of HIV infection in children. This chapter provides a framework for understanding the unique features of the developing pediatric immune system and how it may affect the course of HIV infection in children.

The functions of the vertebrate immune system include discrimination between self and foreign antigens, the development of a memory response to antigens, recognition of neoplasms and the elimination of pathogens that invade the host. The immune system can be divided into two separate components based on the rapidity and specificity of the response. The “innate arm” of the immune system provides a rapid, non-specific response to pathogens and provides the first line of defense against invading microbes. It also acts as a surveillance system and facilitates the initiation of the antigen-specific phase of the immune system.

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Information
Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 5 - 19
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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  • Normal development and physiology of the immune system
    • By Sherilyn Smith, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA, Ann J. Melvin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.004
Available formats
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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Normal development and physiology of the immune system
    • By Sherilyn Smith, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA, Ann J. Melvin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Normal development and physiology of the immune system
    • By Sherilyn Smith, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA, Ann J. Melvin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.004
Available formats
×