Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T14:24:52.927Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - A Brief History of Unification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 December 2016

Pran Nath
Affiliation:
Northeastern University, Boston
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] A., Salam, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 511 (1980).
[2] W., Heisenberg, Z. Phys. 77, 1 (1932).
[3] M., Gell-Mann, Caltech Report No. CTSL-20 (1961).
[4] Y., Ne'eman, Nucl. Phys. 26, 222 (1961).
[5] M., Gell-Mann and Y., Ne'eman, eds., The Eightfold Way, Benjamin (1964).
[6] S., Okubo, Progr. Theoret. Phys. 27, 949 (1962).
[7] M., Gell-Mann, Phys. Lett. 8, 214 (1964).
[8] G., Zweig, CERN Preprint CERN-TH-401 (1964).
[9] G., Zweig, in D., Lichtenberg and S., Rosen, eds., Developments in the Quark Theory of Hadrons, vol. 1, Hadronic Press (1980), p. 22.
[10] O. W., Greenberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 598 (1964).
[11] M. Y., Han and Y., Nambu, Phys. Rev. 139, B1006 (1965).
[12] C. N., Yang and R. L., Mills, Phys. Rev. 96, 191 (1954).
[13] R., Shaw, “Invariance under general isotopic spin transformations,” Ph.D. dissertation, Cambridge University (1955).
[14] R., Utiyama, Phys. Rev. 101, 1597 (1956).
[15] A., Einstein, J. Franklin Inst. 221, 313 (1936).
[16] M. B., Green, J. H., Schwarz, and E., Witten, Superstring Theory, Vol. 1: Introduction, Cambridge University Press (1987).
[17] M. B., Green, J. H., Schwarz, and E., Witten, Superstring Theory, Vol. 2: Loop Amplitudes, Anomalies And Phenomenology, Cambridge University Press (1987).
[18] T. D., Lee and C.-N., Yang, Phys. Rev. 104, 254 (1956).
[19] A., Salam, Nuovo Cim. 5, 299 (1957).
[20] L. D., Landau, Nucl. Phys. 3, 127 (1957).
[21] T. D., Lee and C. -N., Yang, Phys. Rev. 105, 1671 (1957).
[22] E. C. G., Sudarshan and R. E., Marshark, in Proceedings of the Padua–Venice Conference on Mesona and Newly Discovered Particles (1957, unpublished) and Phys. Rev. 109, 1860 (1958).
[23] R. P., Feynman and M., Gell-Mann, Phys. Rev. 109, 193 (1958).
[24] N., Cabibbo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 531 (1963).
[25] M., Kobayashi and T., Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652 (1973).
[26] S. L., Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22 (1961) 579.
[27] S., Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19 (1967) 1264.
[28] A., Salam, in N., Svartholm, ed., Elementary Particle Theory, Almquist and Wiksells (1969) p. 367.
[29] G., 't Hooft, Nucl. Phys. B 35, 167 (1971). See also G. 't, Hooft, Nucl. Phys. B 33, 173 (1971); G. 't, Hooft and M. J. G., Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B 44, 189 (1972).
[30] H. D., Politzer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30 (1973) 1346.
[31] D. J., Gross and F., Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30 (1973) 1343.
[32] J. D., Bjorken, Phys. Rev. 179, 1547 (1969).
[33] J. S., Bell and R., Jackiw, Nuovo Cim. A 60, 47 (1969).
[34] S. L., Adler, Phys. Rev. 177, 2426 (1969).
[35] J. C., Pati and A., Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974) [erratum, ibid. D 11, 703 (1975)].
[36] H., Georgi and S. L., Glashow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 438 (1974).
[37] H., Georgi, in C. E., Carlson, eds, Particles and Fields, American Institute of Physics (1975).
[38] H., Fritzsch and P., Minkowski, Annals Phys. 93 (1975) 193.
[39] For seesaw neutrino masses see P., Minkowski, Phys. Lett. B 67 (1977) 421; M., Gell- Mann, P., Ramond and R., Slansky, in P. van, Nieuwenhuizen and D., Freedman, eds., Supergravity, North-Holland, (1979), p. 315; T., Yanagida, KEK Report 79-18, Tsukuba (1979); S.L., Glashow, in M., Lévy, J.-L., Basdevant, D., Speiser, J., Weyers, R., Gastmans and M., Jacobs, eds., Quarks and Leptons, Cargèse, Plenum Press (1980), p. 707; R. N., Mohapatra and G., Senjanovíc, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1980) 912.
[40] S., Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1566 (1979).
[41] F., Wilczek and A., Zee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1571 (1979).
[42] K. A., Olive et al. (Particle Data Group), Chin. Phys. C 38, 090001 (2014).
[43] U., Amaldi, W. de, Boer and H., Furstenau, Phys. Lett. B 260, 447 (1991).
[44] P., Ramond, Phys. Rev. D 3, 2415 (1971).
[45] Y. A., Golfand and E. P., Likhtman, JETP Lett. 13, 323 (1971).
[46] D. V., Volkov and V. P., Akulov, Phys. Lett. B 46, 109 (1973).
[47] J., Wess and B., Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 78, 1 (1974).
[48] J., Wess and B., Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 70, 39 (1974).
[49] A., Salam and J. A., Strathdee, Nucl. Phys. B 76, 477 (1974).
[50] A., Salam and J. A., Strathdee, Phys. Rev. D 11, 1521 (1975).
[51] E., Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 177, 477 (1981); Phys. Rev. B 185, 513 (1981).
[52] S., Dimopoulos and H., Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 193, 150 (1981).
[53] N., Sakai, Z. Phys. C 11, 153 (1981).
[54] R. K., Kaul, Phys. Lett. B 109, 19 (1982).
[55] P., Nath and R. L., Arnowitt, Phys. Lett. B 56, 177 (1975).
[56] R. L., Arnowitt, P., Nath, and B., Zumino, Phys. Lett. B 56, 81 (1975).
[57] D. Z., Freedman, P. van, Nieuwenhuizen, and S., Ferrara, Phys. Rev. D 13, 3214 (1976).
[58] S., Deser and B., Zumino, Phys. Lett. B 62, 335 (1976).
[59] W., Rarita and J., Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 60, 61 (1941).
[60] A. H., Chamseddine, R. L., Arnowitt, and P., Nath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 970 (1982).
[61] R., Arnowitt, A. H., Chamseddine, and P., Nath, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 27, 1230028 (2012).
[62] L., Alvarez-Gaume, J., Polchinski, and M. B., Wise, Nucl. Phys. B 221, 495 (1983).
[63] H., Georgi, H. R., Quinn, and S., Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 451 (1974).
[64] S., Dimopoulos, S., Raby, and F., Wilczek, Phys. Rev. D 24, 1681 (1981).
[65] F., Englert and R., Brout, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 (1964) 321.
[66] P. W., Higgs, Phys. Lett. 12 (1964) 132.
[67] P. W., Higgs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 (1964) 508.
[68] G., Guralnik, C., Hagen, and T., Kibble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 (1964) 585.
[69] ATLAS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 1.
[70] CMS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 30.
[71] L. D., Landau, Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 60, 207 (1948).
[72] C. N., Yang, Phys. Rev. 77, 242 (1950).
[73] M. E., Peskin, arXiv:1207.2516 [hep-ph] (2013).
[74] G., Degrassi, S. Di, Vita, J., Elias-Miro, J. R., Espinosa, G. F., Giudice, G., Isidori, and A., Strumia, J. High Energy Phys. 1208, 098 (2012).
[75] A. D., Sakharov, Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5, 32 (1967).

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • A Brief History of Unification
  • Pran Nath, Northeastern University, Boston
  • Book: Supersymmetry, Supergravity, and Unification
  • Online publication: 30 December 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139048118.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • A Brief History of Unification
  • Pran Nath, Northeastern University, Boston
  • Book: Supersymmetry, Supergravity, and Unification
  • Online publication: 30 December 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139048118.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • A Brief History of Unification
  • Pran Nath, Northeastern University, Boston
  • Book: Supersymmetry, Supergravity, and Unification
  • Online publication: 30 December 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139048118.002
Available formats
×