Chapter 3 tells a story of death and survival among the groups of people singled out for destruction by the Nazis: Jews, Roma, disabled people, and prisoners of war. The chapter discusses the avenues of survival available to some of the victims. It also challenges assumptions of previous research to the effect that Roma were targeted because they were perceived to be partisans and spies and that disabled people were murdered because of economic and material concerns. Instead, the chapter argues that the killings were systematic and ideologically motivated.