Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Dedication
- Acknowledgements
- Foreword
- 1 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Definitions
- 2 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: An Overview
- 3 Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood: An Overview
- 4 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: History
- 5 Responding to Unexpected Child Deaths
- 6 The Role of Death Review Committees
- 7 Parental Perspectives
- 8 Parental Grief
- 9 Promoting Evidence-Based Public Health Recommendations to Support Reductions in Infant and Child Mortality: The Role of National Scientific Advisory Groups
- 10 Risk Factors and Theories
- 11 Shared Sleeping Surfaces and Dangerous Sleeping Environments
- 12 Preventive Strategies for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 13 The Epidemiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths: Diagnostic Shift and other Temporal Changes
- 14 Future Directions in Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy Research
- 15 Observational Investigations from England: The CESDI and SWISS Studies
- 16 An Australian Perspective
- 17 A South African Perspective
- 18 A United Kingdom Perspective
- 19 A United States Perspective
- 20 A Scandinavian Perspective
- 21 Neonatal Monitoring: Prediction of Autonomic Regulation at 1 Month from Newborn Assessments
- 22 Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Physiology and Arousal of the Fetus and Infant
- 23 The Role of the Upper Airway in SIDS and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths and the Importance of External Airway-Protective Behaviors
- 24 The Autopsy and Pathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 25 Natural Diseases Causing Sudden Death in Infancy and Early Childhood
- 26 Brainstem Neuropathology in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 27 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Sleep, and the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Respiratory Network
- 28 Neuropathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Hypothalamus
- 29 Abnormalities of the Hippocampus in Sudden and Unexpected Death in Early Life
- 30 Cytokines, Infection, and Immunity
- 31 The Genetics of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 32 Biomarkers of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Risk and SIDS Death
- 33 Animal Models: Illuminating the Pathogenesis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
13 - The Epidemiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths: Diagnostic Shift and other Temporal Changes
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 July 2018
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Dedication
- Acknowledgements
- Foreword
- 1 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Definitions
- 2 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: An Overview
- 3 Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood: An Overview
- 4 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: History
- 5 Responding to Unexpected Child Deaths
- 6 The Role of Death Review Committees
- 7 Parental Perspectives
- 8 Parental Grief
- 9 Promoting Evidence-Based Public Health Recommendations to Support Reductions in Infant and Child Mortality: The Role of National Scientific Advisory Groups
- 10 Risk Factors and Theories
- 11 Shared Sleeping Surfaces and Dangerous Sleeping Environments
- 12 Preventive Strategies for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 13 The Epidemiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths: Diagnostic Shift and other Temporal Changes
- 14 Future Directions in Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy Research
- 15 Observational Investigations from England: The CESDI and SWISS Studies
- 16 An Australian Perspective
- 17 A South African Perspective
- 18 A United Kingdom Perspective
- 19 A United States Perspective
- 20 A Scandinavian Perspective
- 21 Neonatal Monitoring: Prediction of Autonomic Regulation at 1 Month from Newborn Assessments
- 22 Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Physiology and Arousal of the Fetus and Infant
- 23 The Role of the Upper Airway in SIDS and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths and the Importance of External Airway-Protective Behaviors
- 24 The Autopsy and Pathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 25 Natural Diseases Causing Sudden Death in Infancy and Early Childhood
- 26 Brainstem Neuropathology in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 27 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Sleep, and the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Respiratory Network
- 28 Neuropathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Hypothalamus
- 29 Abnormalities of the Hippocampus in Sudden and Unexpected Death in Early Life
- 30 Cytokines, Infection, and Immunity
- 31 The Genetics of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- 32 Biomarkers of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Risk and SIDS Death
- 33 Animal Models: Illuminating the Pathogenesis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Summary
Introduction
To provide a detailed review of the changing epidemiology related to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUID), this chapter begins with an overview of the international system used to code and monitor SIDS trends around the world. Next, we describe the diagnostic shift in reporting and provide possible explanations as to why it occurred. We include a discussion of why using a single code to monitor sudden unexpected and unexplained infant deaths is no longer informative and discuss how new efforts to group codes for surveillance may allow for more consistent monitoring and comparison across jurisdictions and countries. Finally, we provide a description of the epidemiologic profile of SIDS and SUID, including information about current rates and historical trends, and sudden unexpected death in children 1 year old and over.
Current Practice for Coding Cause of Sudden Infant Deaths
Vital statistics data, specifically records from live birth and infant death registration, are the typical source of information on population trends in SIDS and SUID. Causes of death are reported on infant death certificates by a death certifier, who, for unexpected infant deaths without an immediately obvious cause, can be a medical examiner, coroner, or forensic pathologist. To facilitate comparisons across jurisdictions and countries, underlying causes of death reported on death certificates are assigned an International Classification of Diseases or ICD code (1).
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding system was developed by the World Health Organization to catalogue diseases, health conditions, and mortality causes. The coding system is used to monitor death trends and statistics within, and across, jurisdictions and countries (2). The ICD is currently in its 10th Revision (ICD-10). SIDS, first defined in 1969 (3), did not have a unique ICD code assigned until the ICD-9 in 1979. However, in 1973, the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) created a distinct ICD-8 code for SIDS (795.0) for use in the United States (4). SIDS was introduced worldwide in ICD-9 as 798.0. In ICD-10, R95 is the code for SIDS. The SIDS code is indexed in the ICD chapter of nonspecific causes of death.
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- SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood DeathThe past, the present and the future, pp. 257 - 282Publisher: The University of Adelaide PressPrint publication year: 2018