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17 - Freedom and self-government: The Tempest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2010

Peter Holbrook
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
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Summary

O, rejoice

Beyond a common joy, and set it down

With gold on lasting pillars: in one voyage

Did Claribel her husband find at Tunis,

And Ferdinand, her brother, found a wife

Where he himself was lost; Prospero, his dukedom

In a poor isle; and all of us, ourselves,

When no man was his own.

The Tempest, V.i.206–13.

Lear's speech of reconciliation with Cordelia (‘Come let's away to prison:/We two alone will sing like birds i’ th' cage') pictures an existential freedom that court life bars. Like Hamlet, Lear can look upon the world of power and place-getting (‘who's in, who's out’) with detachment – even disgust. The speech suggests there are ways of aggrandizing the self (pursuing power and influence, for example) which are actually the most frightful modes of self-forgetfulness. Lear will be freer – more himself – in a prison cell than when king. Shakespeare is often interested in such moments, when characters free themselves from conventional, specious and ultimately empty forms of self-augmentation. He casts a cold eye on the glittering appearance that distracts us from the natural, real man beneath. Richard II's puncturing remarks on ceremony (‘throw away respect,/Tradition, form, and ceremonious duty,/For you have but mistook me all this while’ (III.ii.172–4)) or Henry VI's contrast of the simple, contented life of a ‘homely’ shepherd with that of a king, ‘couched in a curious bed’ with ‘care, mistrust, and treason’ as attendants (3 Henry VI, II.v.22, 53–4), are examples of such Shakespearean unmasking.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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References

‘under the mad tyranny of his desires and passions’: Plato, The Republic, second edn, trans. Lee, D. (Harmondsworth, 1974), 396, 400 (574e, 578a)PubMed
‘Those who have the temper of Tyrants are only made for the condition of Slaves’, in vol. VI of Correspondence of Edmund Burke, ed. Cobban, A. and Smith, R. A. (London, 1967), 108
‘Speech to Parliament of 21 March 1610’, King James VI and I: Political Writings, ed. Somerville, J. P. (Cambridge, 1994), 181

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