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12 - Neuropsychiatry for liaison psychiatrists

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Alan Carson
Affiliation:
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist and Part-time Senior Lecturer, The Robert Fergusson Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Adam Zeman
Affiliation:
Professor of Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology and Honorary Consultant Neurologist, Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, UK
Jon Stone
Affiliation:
Consultant Neurologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Summary

Clinical practice at the interface between psychiatry and neurology is often called neuropsychiatry. Neuropsychiatry is based on: (a) a systematic, clinical approach to patient assessment based on the known psychological and behavioural correlates of damage to different parts of the brain; and (b) a clinical assessment not only of this impairment but also of the psychological and social factors associated with the subsequent disability and handicap.

Mental state examination

The mental state examination in neuropsychiatry needs to be adapted as the patients’ neurological condition often directly affects the expression of emotion. A detailed discussion of the effects of specific brain lesions on emotion and behaviour can be found in Bogousslavsky ' Cummings (2000).

Aphasia

Aphasia leads to the abolition of all linguistic faculties, and recording of mood and emotion is speculative. Assessment can be attempted with visual scales, but given the loss of inner monologue their interpretation should be approached with caution. Dysphasias are often associated with frustration and irritability.

Anosognosia

Anosognosia refers to partial or complete unawareness of a deficit. It may coexist with depression. Anosognosia for hemiplegia is perhaps most described, but it can affect any function.

Affective dysprosody

Affective dysprosody is the impairment of the production and comprehension of language components which allow the communication of inner emotional states in speech such as stresses, pauses, cadences, accent, melody and intonation. Its presence is not associated with an actual deficit in the ability to experience emotions, only in the ability to communicate or recognise them.

Apathy

Apathy manifests as reduced spontaneous actions or speech, and delayed, short, slow or absent responses. Apathy is frequently associated with hypophonia, perseverations, grasp reflex and compulsive manipulations.

Emotional lability

Emotional lability or emotionalism with an increase in laughing or crying with little or no warning signals is frequent after stroke and after traumatic brain injury. There is an association with depression but the two can exist independently (House et al, 1989).

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Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Print publication year: 2012

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  • Neuropsychiatry for liaison psychiatrists
    • By Alan Carson, Consultant Neuropsychiatrist and Part-time Senior Lecturer, The Robert Fergusson Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK, Adam Zeman, Professor of Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology and Honorary Consultant Neurologist, Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, UK, Jon Stone, Consultant Neurologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
  • Edited by Elspeth Guthrie, Sanjay Rao, Melanie Temple
  • Book: Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 02 January 2018
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  • Neuropsychiatry for liaison psychiatrists
    • By Alan Carson, Consultant Neuropsychiatrist and Part-time Senior Lecturer, The Robert Fergusson Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK, Adam Zeman, Professor of Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology and Honorary Consultant Neurologist, Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, UK, Jon Stone, Consultant Neurologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
  • Edited by Elspeth Guthrie, Sanjay Rao, Melanie Temple
  • Book: Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 02 January 2018
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Neuropsychiatry for liaison psychiatrists
    • By Alan Carson, Consultant Neuropsychiatrist and Part-time Senior Lecturer, The Robert Fergusson Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK, Adam Zeman, Professor of Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology and Honorary Consultant Neurologist, Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, UK, Jon Stone, Consultant Neurologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
  • Edited by Elspeth Guthrie, Sanjay Rao, Melanie Temple
  • Book: Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 02 January 2018
Available formats
×