Human rights impose direct legal obligations on governments, although implementation in most instances is through recommendations and persuasion rather than coercion. Extending human rights obligations to business, warlords, individuals, and other non-state actors conflates bad behavior with government obligation, and in the long term wrongly shifts the focus of human rights implementation to bodies that are neither legally bound to respect nor accountable. While supporting the activities of civil society is important to ensure open debate consistent with human rights, civil society is limited in its ability to guarantee or protect rights such as fair trials, free elections, or development without discrimination. Thus, although it is a long-term effort, we must retain the focus on changing the behavior of governments, in order to ensure that the full range of human rights is guaranteed by institutions that are capable of doing so.