Book contents
2 - Canada
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2014
Edited by
Summary
Historically, Christianity has enjoyed a privileged position in shaping Canadian social values through the work of churches and shared Christian ideals. Today, Canada is experiencing the tension between a historical legacy of constitutionally established Christian traditions and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms’ guarantee of protection and endorsement of religious diversity and freedom. This tension is heightened with increasing secularization, greater religious pluralism as a result of increased immigration, and highly individualized and subjective ways of interpreting meaning. In fact, numerous influences apart from established religious authorities now affect the way Canadians find meaning and form their values. For many people, religious identity, personal values, and one’s sense of purpose in the world are largely diffuse and unrefined notions.
For institutions such as the Canadian Forces (CF), where group cohesion and shared purpose are paramount, differences in values or uncertain values can be problematic on a number of levels. Although military socialization is important for teaching values, some scholars argue that the values people bring with them to the military are far more significant for determining how fully they will embrace the military ethos. As a result, while individuals must commit themselves to upholding “Canadian values” embedded in the Canadian Forces’ codes of conduct and statements of military ethos, they may not always be certain about what this entails and how to do so appropriately.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Religion in the Military Worldwide , pp. 45 - 67Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013
References
A Concise History of Christianity in Canada, ed. and (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1996): 113, 184–188
, Church and Sect in Canada (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1948)
et al., “Distinctive Attitudes among US Enlistees 1976–1997: Self-Selection versus Socialization,” Armed Forces and Society 26, no. 4 (Summer 2000): 561–585Google Scholar
, Organizational Cultures: Types and Transformations (London: Routledge, 1993)
and , Organisational Cultures in Theory and Practice (Aldershot, UK: Avebury Press, 1989)
, “A Canadian Military Ethos,” Canadian Defence Quarterly 12, no. 3 (Winter 1982/1983): 10–18Google Scholar
, “Doctrine Is Not Enough: The Effect of Doctrine on the Behaviour of Armies” Parameters 30, no. 3 (Autumn 2000): 30–39Google Scholar
, “The Right to Fight: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Recruitment Policy toward Gays and Lesbians,” in Armed Forces & Society 33, no. 2 (January 2007): 186–202Google Scholar
, Religion in the Ranks: Belief and Religious Experience in the Canadian Forces (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011)
, “Beyond Hearts and Minds: Culture Matters,” US Naval Institute Proceedings 130, no. 11 (November 2004): 54–58Google Scholar
, “Advances in Predeployment Culture Training: The U.S. Marine Corps Approach,” Military Review 86 (November–December 2004): 79–88Google Scholar
, Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (New York: Free Press, 1965 [1912]): 34
, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973): 90
, Organizational Behavior (Boston: Pearson Scott Foresman, 1988)
, Organizational Culture and Leadership (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992)
, Religion as a Chain of Memory (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press), 81
, “Canadian Religion: Heritage and Project,” in Rethinking Church, State, and Modernity: Canada between Europe and America, ed. and (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000): 46
, After Heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998): vii–viii
, Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003): 6–7
, Ethics and Liberation: An Introduction (New York: Orbis Books, 1988): 18–19
, , and , “Population Projections of Visible Minority Groups, Canada, Provinces, and Regions, 2001–2017,” in Population Projections of Visible Minority Groups, Canada, Provinces and Regions, 2001–2017. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Ministry of Industry, 2005)
, “Interview with David Pratt: Minister of National Defence,” Canadian Diversity/Diversité canadienne 3, no. 2 (Spring 2004): 9–10Google Scholar
and , “Different Drummers: Aboriginal Culture and the Canadian Armed Forces, 1939–2002,” Canadian Military Journal 6, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 25–32Google Scholar
, , and , A Sketch Account of Aboriginal Peoples in the Canadian Military (Ottawa: Department of National Defence, 2004)
, “CF Making Progress Recruiting Aboriginal Canadians,” Canadian Forces Personnel Newsletter (Borden, ON: Department of National Defence, 2000)
, “Respect and Honour: Values Shared by the Aboriginal Peoples and the CF,” The Maple Leaf/La Feuille d’Érable 9, no. 22 (July 2006): 16Google Scholar
, Strengthening Relationships between the Canadian Forces and Aboriginal People (Ottawa: Department of National Defence, 2000)
, “American Public Opinion toward the Military: Differences by Race, Gender, and Class?” Armed Forces & Society 32, no. 1 (October 2005): 123–138Google Scholar
and , “Value Priorities of Japanese and American Service Academy Students,” Armed Forces & Society 33, no. 2 (January 2007): 169–185Google Scholar
, “Religion Modernity and Post-Modernity,” in Religion: Contemporary Issues, ed. (London: Bellew Press, 1992): 11–23
, Spiritual Marketplace: Baby Boomers and the Remaking of America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999)
, Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991)
, “Fresh Takes on a Classic: William James’s Varieties Approaches Its Centennial,” Religious Studies Review 26 (April 2000): 151Google Scholar
, Spiritual But Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001): 5
et al., Habits of the Heart (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985)
, Restless Gods: The Renaissance of Religion in Canada (Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 2002)
and , Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000)
, The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith since World War II (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988)
and , Le Catholicisme Québécois (Québec: Les Presses de l’université Laval, 2000)
, Comprehending Cults: The Sociology of New Religious Movements (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998)
, Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999)
, “Towards an Interfaith Ministry: Religious Adaptation and Accommodation in the Canadian Forces Chaplaincy,” Studies in Religion 39, no. 1 (March 2010): 77–91Google Scholar
, Duty with Honour: The Profession of Arms in Canada (Ottawa: Department of National Defence, 2003): 15
Report of the Somalia Commission of Inquiry (Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1997)
, “From the ‘Clean Snows of Petawawa’: The Violence of Canadian Peacekeepers in Somalia,” Cultural Anthropology 15, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 127–163Google Scholar
, “Militarized Masculinities and the Politics of Peacekeeping: The Canadian Case,” in Critical Security Studies and World Politics, ed. (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005)
, “The Canadian Airborne Regiment in Somalia: A Socio-Cultural Inquiry,” in The Canadian Airborne Regiment in Somalia: A Socio-Cultural Inquiry (Ottawa: Minster of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1997)
, Canadian Forces Chaplain Branch Manual (Ottawa: Chief of Defence Staff, Department of National Defence, 2003): 6.4
, Suicide: A Study in Sociology (London: Routledge, 1952)
, Peacetime Padres: Canadian Protestant Military Chaplains, 1945–1995 (St. Catharine’s, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited, 1996): 258–259
, Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (Toronto: Random House, 2003)
, Dark Threats and White Nights: The Somalia Affair, Peacekeeping, and the New Imperialism (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004)
, “Education, Multiculturalism, and Religion,” in Religion and Ethnicity in Canada, ed. and (Toronto: Pearson Longman, 2005): 178–200
, , et al., Religion and Multiculturalism in Canada: The Challenge of Religious Intolerance and Discrimination, Final Report (Ottawa: Multiculturalism and Human Rights Program at the Department of Canadian Heritage, 2007)
, God in the Classroom: The Controversial Issue of Religion in Canada’s Schools (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1997)
- 1
- Cited by