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Chapter 2.5 - Neurocysticercosis

from 2 - Infectious and Postinfectious Vasculitis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2022

Anita Arsovska
Affiliation:
University of Ss Cyril and Methodius
Derya Uluduz
Affiliation:
Istanbul Üniversitesi
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Summary

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the infection of CNS by the larval stage of the Taenia Solium, a tapeworm that infests humans in endemic zones (Latin American countries, sub-Saharan Africa, China, India, southeast Asia) NCC has a wide range of clinical manifestations but the most common are seizure and increase intracranial pressure. Focal neurological deficits are also possible due to oedema around cysts or mass effects of cysticerci. Patients could also experience ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the intracranial arteries or brainstem involvement. Patients with stroke and NCC that live in rural areas could be identified after a long period of time from the acute event and this delay could be responsible for a spontaneous resolution of the lesion detectable through MRI (3).Thus, routine corticosteroid administration is mandatory in patients with subarachnoid cysts, to avoid the risk of cerebral infarction. Here we reported a case of a 34 year-old woman presented to ED with headache that gradually become more severe over the past couple of weeks. Serological test enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) was positive for antibodies to Taenia Solium so diagnosis of NCC was made. She started anti-inflammatory therapy with dexamethasone and later levetiracetam 500 mg twice daily with full recovery

Type
Chapter
Information
Rare Causes of Stroke
A Handbook
, pp. 132 - 136
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

Del Butto, OH. Neurocysticercosis: a review. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012: article ID 159821.Google Scholar
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Del Butto, OH, Lama, J. Short report: the importance of neurocysticercosis in stroke in rural areas of a developing Latin American Country. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013; 89: 374375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, HH, Nash, TE, Del Butto, OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol. 2014; 13(12): 12021215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, AC, Jr, Coyle, CM, Rajshekhar, V, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). 2017 IDSA/ASTMH Guidelines CID 2018: 66(8)e: 4975.Google Scholar

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