Whatever their limitations, the Neoscholastics had an expansive vision of human life. Death was not its end, and philosophically – not theologically – they argued that the facts of human life led to the conclusion that we are ensouled, that the soul is immaterial, and that we have an immortal destiny. Their philosophical psychology was, in their own terms, spiritualistic. They rejected materialism and phenomenalism. The spiritual world is real, we have access to it, and it has its powers, promises, and dangers. Mainstream psychology, with some exceptions, such as the all-encompassing William James, held the spiritual world at arm's length, after a brief love affair with the psychic researchers (Coon, 1992). As Coon points out, many of the new psychologists, James included, embraced positivism and naturalism, to the exclusion of the claims of Spiritualism.