Chapter 2 ended on a pragmatic note. Commentators on the buildup – however much confidence they express when they portray the causes of the buildup – are far less certain about what we should do tomorrow. The critics may see the prison buildup as insane, they may describe prisons as overflowing with minor offenders, and they may argue that the public's ignorance about “who” goes to prison is necessary to sustain the buildup. Yet, their own sanity, good reason, and informed opinions do not lead them to demand that we tear down the walls or even make them permeable enough to return to pre-buildup levels. They despise this “cruel historical experiment,” but they are not ready to reverse it, at least not all the way. How cruel could it be, in their view?

The proponents of the buildup see the quintupling of the prison population as bringing great benefits to society in the form of crime reduction.