Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T09:22:01.629Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

42 - Leishmaniasis

from Section 7 - Protozoal infections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

David Mabey
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Geoffrey Gill
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Eldryd Parry
Affiliation:
Tropical Health Education Trust
Martin W. Weber
Affiliation:
World Health Organization, Jakarta
Christopher J. M. Whitty
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbas, K, Musatafa, MA, Abass, S et al. (2009). Case report: mucosal leishmaniasis in a Sudanese patient. Am J Trop Med Hyg; 80: 935–8.Google Scholar
Al Gindan, Y, Kubba, R, El Hassan, AM et al. (1989). Dissemination in cutaneous leishmaniasis. III. Lymph node involvement. Int. J Dermatol; 28:248–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvar, J, Aparicio, P, Aseffa, A et al. (2008). The relationship between Leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second ten years. Clin Microbiol Rev; 21: 334–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvar, J, Bashaye, S, Argaw, D et al. (2007). Kala-Azar outbreak in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia: epidemiologic and parasitologic assessment. Am J Trop Med Hyg; 77: 275–82.Google ScholarPubMed
Ashford, RW (1999). Visceral leishmaniasis: epidemiology, prevention and control. In Gilles, , ed. Protozoal Diseases. London: Arnold Publishers.Google Scholar
Berman, JD (1997). Human leishmaniasis: clinical, diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic developments in the last 10 years. Clin Infect Dis; 24: 684–703 (excellent and complete review on leishmaniasis).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boelaert, M, El-Safi, S, Hailu, A et al. (2008). Diagnostic tests for kala-azar: a multi-centre study of the freeze-dried DAT, rK39 strip test and KAtex in East Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 102: 32–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryceson, ADM (1970). Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia II. Treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 64: 369–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chappuis, F, Rijal, S, Soto, A, Menten, J, Boelaert, M (2006). A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis. BMJ, .
Chulay, JD, Bryceson, ADM (1983). Quantitation of amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in smears of splenic aspirates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg; 32: 475–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elamin, EM, Guizani, I, Guerbouj, S et al. (2008). Identification of Leishmania donovani as a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 102: 54–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Hassan, AM, Meredith, SEO, Yagi, HI et al. (1995). Sudanese mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, immune responses and treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 89: 647–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elnaiem, DA, Ward, RD, Hassan, HK, Miles, MA, Frame, IA (1998). Infection rates of Leishmania donovani in Phlebotomus orientalis from a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol; 92: 229–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Hassan, AM, Zijlstra, EE (2001). Leishmaniasis in Sudan. 1. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 95: S1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El Safi, SH, Peters, W (1991). Studies on the leishmaniases in the Sudan. 1. Epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khartoum. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 85: 44–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
González, U, Pinart, M, Reveiz, L, Alvar, J (2008). Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst Revs, 4. Art. No.:CD005067. .
Guiguemdé, R, Sawadogo, O, Bories, C et al. (2003). Leishmania major HIV co-infection in Burkina Faso. Trans R Soc Hyg Trop Med; 97: 168–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hashim, FA, Ahmed, AE, El-Hassan, AM et al. (1995). Neurologic changes in visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg; 52: 149–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurissa, Z, Gebre-Silassie, S, Hailu, W et al. (2010). Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in northwest Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Hlth; 15: 848–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Killick-Kendrick, R, Bryceson, ADM, Peters, W, Evans, DA, Leary, AJ, Rioux, AJ (1985). Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia; lesions healing naturally in man followed by a second infection with the same zymodeme of Leishmania major. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 79: 363–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolaczinski, JH, Reithinger, R, Worku, DT et al. (2008). Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: a case-control study in Pokot territory of Kenya and Uganda. Int J Epidemiol; 37: 344–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubba, R, Al Gindan, Y, El Hassan, AM, Omer, AHS (1987). Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore). J Am Acad Dermatol; 16: 1183–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lukes, J, Mauricio, IL, Schönian, G (2007). Evolutionary and geographical history of the Leishmania donovani complex with a revision of current taxonomy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 104: 9375–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyons, SH, Veeken, H, Long, J (2003). Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV in Tigray, Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health; 8: 733–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahdi, M, Elamin, EM, Melville, SE et al. (2005). Sudanese mucosal leishmaniasis: isolation of aparasite within the Leishmania donovani complex that differs genotypically from L. donovani causing classical visceral leishmaniasis. Infect, Genet evol; 5: 29–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musa, AM, Khalil, EA, Mahgoub, FA et al. (2008). Immunochemotherapy of persistent post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a novel approach to treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 102: 58–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reithinger, R, Dujardin, J, Pirmez, C, Alexancer, B, Brooker, S (2007). Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis; 7: 581–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritmeijer, K, Veeken, H, Melaku, Y et al. (2001). Ethiopian visceral leishmaniasis: generic and proprietary sodium stibogluconate are equivalent; HIV co-infected patients have a poor outcome. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 95: 668–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritmeijer, K, Dejenie, A, Assefa, Y et al. (2006). A comparison of miltefosine and sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian population with high prevalence of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis; 43: 357–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritmeijer, K, Davies, C, van Zorge, R et al. (2007). Evaluation of a mass distribution programme for fine-mesh impregnated bednets against visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. Trop Med Int Hlth; 12: 404–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seaman, J, Mercer, AJ, Sondorp, E (1996). The epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis in Western Upper Nile, southern Sudan: course and impact from 1984 to 1994. Int J Epidem; 25: 862–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teklemariam, S, Hiwot, AG, Frommel, D et al. (1994). Aminosidine and its combination with sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopicaTrans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 88: 334–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WHO Expert Committee (2010). Control of Leishmaniasis. WHO Technical report Series No. 949. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Zijlstra, EE, El-Hassan, AM (2001). Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 95: 27–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zijlstra, EE, El-Hassan, AM (2001). Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 95: 59–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×