The strategy of structural reforms in practice is the object of this final chapter. As an example, the history of the first centre-left government in Italy in the 1960s is considered, with reforms concerning the nationalization of the electricity sector, the reform of the secondary schools, universal wealth assistance, pension reform, the workers statute expanding workers rights, etc. A worldwide stage of retreat followed the fall of the Bretton Woods system and the affirmation of neoliberal governments in key countries (Thatcher in the UK, Reagan in the USA). The negative consequences and the shaky theoretical foundations of neoliberalism are illustrated. A renewed strategy of structural reforms is proposed, both in an international dimension and with specific reference to the case of Italy.