The pontificate of Jacques Fournier (1334–1342), third of the Avignonese popes, witnessed great advances not only as a result of his construction of a new papal palace combined with renewed efforts to reform, in particular, the religious orders, but also by encouraging missionary efforts in both Mongolia and China. In Spain too, he led the resistance against the invasion of African Muslims. Fournier's first task, however, was to resolve the crisis of the Beatific Vision, initiated by John XXII, and this he did by preparing and promulgating the constitution Benedictus Deus. This chapter offers a three-part discussion of Benedict XII's role in resolving the controversy: first, it presents a general background to the controversy; second, it defines the doctrine in Benedictus Deus; and, finally, it considers the originality and relevance of this pope as a private theologian.

Jacques Fournier Confronted with the Crisis of the Beatific Vision: ‘Light of the Sacred Palace’

Jacques Fournier's biography will inevitably be discussed at various points throughout this volume, hence only the briefest of reminders is necessary to indicate his key role in the controversy over the Beatific Vision. Born c.1280–1285 in Saverdun (Ariège), Fournier sprang from modest origins, probably coming from a family of millers. Promoted by his uncle, Arnaud Novel, Fournier made his religious profession at the Cistercian Abbey of Boulbonne, subsequently moving to Fontfroide as abbot in 1311.