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Chapter 4 - Second Layer

The Lower Soul

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2018

D. M. Hutchinson
Affiliation:
St Olaf College, Minnesota
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Summary

The second layer of consciousness unifies the lower soul with the logoi present within it, which enables it to dissolve the duality inherent in discursive reasoning between reasoning subject and object reasoned-about. The power responsible for this layer is the imagination. The second layer involves two modes of consciousness, which build on the first layer. The primary type is apprehension (antilêpsis), which is indirect and mediated since the soul becomes conscious of sensible and intelligible objects by means of images. Images are interior to one’s soul, lack spatial extension, are directed towards objects, and announce their presence to the whole soul. The role of apprehension is to announce activities that occur in the soul-body compound or in parts of the soul, throughout the whole soul, by grasping these images. The secondary type is consciousness (parakolouthêsis), which is a second-order consciousness that ‘follows along’ with first-order states. The notion of subjectivity I am attributing to Plotinus at this level is related to having a first-person perspective. To have subjectivity in this sense is to experience the world from the standpoint of one’s own beliefs and desires, and to reflect on one’s own experience from this standpoint.
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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  • Second Layer
  • D. M. Hutchinson, St Olaf College, Minnesota
  • Book: Plotinus on Consciousness
  • Online publication: 24 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108344104.006
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  • Second Layer
  • D. M. Hutchinson, St Olaf College, Minnesota
  • Book: Plotinus on Consciousness
  • Online publication: 24 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108344104.006
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Second Layer
  • D. M. Hutchinson, St Olaf College, Minnesota
  • Book: Plotinus on Consciousness
  • Online publication: 24 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108344104.006
Available formats
×