The trouble with writing about solitude is that our discussion about this concept usually takes place within a framework that itself needs to be questioned. The framework that I refer to is that of the self- interested individual focused on maximizing productivity. Looking from this vantage point, the individual strives for efficiencies in the name of economic gain. Using this framework, solitude is seen as one of two things. On the one hand, as a means to refresh oneself so that one can more effectively perform in work. On the other, as a way to get away from the hustle and bustle of modern life, that is, as a refuge from modern life.

Neither of these conceptions of solitude is satisfactory. In this chapter, I will begin with a description of solitude, discussing what I believe it is and, equally, what I believe it is not. Following this, I will examine several considerations that can enhance solitude. I put forward the idea that despite various pressures, it is critical that individuals resist the urge to share so openly and immediately with each other, reflecting instead on the value of cultivating a private self.

DISTINGUISHING SOLITUDE FROM ALONENESS

Aloneness does not imply solitude. It is possible to be alone and connected. While walking through our public parks, fellow strollers are often alone and yet tapping away on their cellphones. The “tethered self ” makes this state of existence an unfortunate reality. Seldom, it seems, are individuals fully present in their aloneness. We are instead perpetually scattered, pulled in a myriad of directions.

Several examples can help differentiate solitude from aloneness. Recently, I met for coffee with a friend on a sunny Friday evening. While approaching the coffee shop, I noticed she was not on any device (a unique and encouraging sight, of course). As I apologized for running slightly behind, she remarked that no apology was needed— it was enjoyable for her to people- watch. In the minutes prior to my arrival, this friend was able to spend time observing others without reverting to her phone or to things that needed doing.