Book contents
- Perinatal Neuropathology
- Perinatal Neuropathology
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Section I Techniques and Practical Considerations
- Section 2 Human Nervous System Development
- Section 3 Stillbirth
- Section 4 Disruptions / Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
- Cellular Responses
- Chapter 29 Neuronal Death
- Chapter 30 Macroglial Reactions
- Chapter 31 Inflammatory Responses
- Gray Matter
- White Matter
- Germinal Matrix
- Cerebellum
- Section 5 Malformations
- Section 6 Perinatal Neurooncology
- Section 7 Spinal and Neuromuscular Disorders
- Section 8 Eye Disorders
- Section 9 Infections: In Utero Infections
- Section 10 Metabolic / Toxic Disorders: Storage Diseases
- Section 11 Forensic Neuropathology
- Appendix 1 Technical Considerations in Perinatal CNS
- Index
- References
Chapter 30 - Macroglial Reactions
from Cellular Responses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 August 2021
- Perinatal Neuropathology
- Perinatal Neuropathology
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Section I Techniques and Practical Considerations
- Section 2 Human Nervous System Development
- Section 3 Stillbirth
- Section 4 Disruptions / Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
- Cellular Responses
- Chapter 29 Neuronal Death
- Chapter 30 Macroglial Reactions
- Chapter 31 Inflammatory Responses
- Gray Matter
- White Matter
- Germinal Matrix
- Cerebellum
- Section 5 Malformations
- Section 6 Perinatal Neurooncology
- Section 7 Spinal and Neuromuscular Disorders
- Section 8 Eye Disorders
- Section 9 Infections: In Utero Infections
- Section 10 Metabolic / Toxic Disorders: Storage Diseases
- Section 11 Forensic Neuropathology
- Appendix 1 Technical Considerations in Perinatal CNS
- Index
- References
Summary
Astrocytes are the cells most responsible for dynamic homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS; 1, 2). During development, they arise from maturing radial glia as well as from symmetric division of existing astrocytes (3, 4). Their cell processes are in intimate contact with synapses, myelin internodes, and capillaries. They are involved in the flow of extracellular fluids through the glymphatic system (5). Gap junctions form an extensive interconnected network of astrocytes with their brethren and with oligodendrocytes. Signaling by calcium ion and other factors helps coordinate their activities (6). They are responsible for recycling many neurotransmitters, regulating blood flow in the microdomains, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. With this plethora of duties, astrocytes must be able to react rapidly to a range of stresses and insults.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Perinatal Neuropathology , pp. 155 - 158Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021