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1 - Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 May 2021

Michael Church
Affiliation:
Classical music and opera critic, The Independent/i
Dwight Reynolds
Affiliation:
Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of California, Santa Barbara
Scott DeVeaux
Affiliation:
Professor in the McIntire Department of Music at the University of Virginia
Ivan Hewett
Affiliation:
Classical music critic for the Daily Telegraph, broadcaster on BBC Radio 3, and teacher at the Royal College of Music.
David Hughes
Affiliation:
Research Associate, University of London
Jonathan Katz
Affiliation:
Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford
Frank Kouwenhoven
Affiliation:
University of Leiden Founder and Secretary-Treasurer of CHIME
Roderic Knight
Affiliation:
Professor of Ethnomusicology Emeritus, Oberlin College, Conservatory of Music
Robert Labaree
Affiliation:
Member of the Musicology faculty at the New England Conservatory in Boston
Scott Marcus
Affiliation:
Professor of Ethnomusicology at the University of California, Santa Barbara
Terry E. Miller
Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus of Ethnomusicology at Kent State University, Ohio
Will Sumits
Affiliation:
University of Central Asia Research Fellow in Humanities
Neil Sorrell
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Music, University of York
Richard Widdess
Affiliation:
Professor of Musicology in the Department of Music, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Ameneh Youssefzadeh
Affiliation:
Visiting scholar at the City University of New York Graduate Center
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Summary

The door is surrounded by a sea of shoes: even the audience must remove them and sit cross-legged on the floor. And this is no ordinary concert. At the front is a spectacular altar consisting of musical instruments arranged in multiple layers; even more striking is the central platform filled with masks, flowers, bowls of food and sundry mysterious objects. A group of young students come in and sit together, some giggling, others looking confused; the elderly ritualist enters and begins a monotone chant. When he has finished he announces the title of a composition to be played by the musicians arranged behind xylophones, gong-circles, drums, percussion and a thick wooden wind instrument: ‘Sathukan!’ (‘greeting the teacher’). Initially the music is a sweep of seemingly unrelated pitches, an outpouring of activity by each individual musician that is hard to grasp: despite the percussion, it’s difficult to perceive anything resembling a measure or a phrase. Finally, after many more such pieces, each student comes forward to receive a ritual ‘first lesson’ either on the large gong-circle or the flute, in which the teacher holds the student's hands to simulate the playing of the piece. Each then receives a soot-mark on the forehead, and over one ear a piece of banana leaf with a flower. Having greeted the teacher (khru, guru in Thai) whose lineage extends to the gods themselves – since all knowledge derives from them – each student is now eligible to be instructed in music.

History

To address the question of whether any music in mainland Southeast Asia can be called ‘classical’, we must first consider the term. ‘Classical’ is an English word that not only denotes a vast corpus of European and American music but carries connotations of hierarchy, value and sophistication. Applied to music in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia or Vietnam, it risks creating inappropriate associations, especially in the case of Vietnam, yet commentators from both Southeast Asia and elsewhere have long used ‘classical’ to describe this music. Just as the European elite were the patrons of Western classical music, in Southeast Asia the aristocracy, and especially the extended royal family, performed this function too. Add to that local perceptions of this music in those same terms of hierarchy, value and sophistication, and you may conclude that ‘Thai classical’ and ‘Lao classical’ are indeed appropriate.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Other Classical Musics
Fifteen Great Traditions
, pp. 25 - 49
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2015

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