Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T11:17:05.232Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Selected Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2014

Fawaz A. Gerges
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The New Middle East
Protest and Revolution in the Arab World
, pp. 469 - 482
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdallah, Ahmad. 2009. The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt, 1923–1973. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Abdelrahman, Maha. 2009. ‘“With the Islamists? – Sometimes. With the State? – Never!” Cooperation between the Left and Islamists in Egypt’. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 36, 1 (April), pp. 37–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, E., Bicchi, F., Crawford, B., and Del Sarto, R. 2006. The Convergence of Civilizations: Constructing a Mediterranean Region. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Afary, Janet. 2009. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aghrout, A. and Alexander, M. S. 1997. ‘The Euro-Mediterranean New Strategy and the Maghreb Countries’. European Foreign Affairs Review, 2, 307–328.Google Scholar
Al-Aswany, Alaa. 2010. Why Don’t the Egyptians Rise Up?Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq.Google Scholar
Al-Aswany, Alaa. 2011. On the State of Egypt: What Caused the Revolution. Trans. by Wright, Jonathan. Edinburgh: Canongate.Google Scholar
Alcaro, R. and Haubrich-Seco, M. (eds.). 2012. Re-thinking Western Policies in Light of the Arab Uprising. Rome: Edizioni Nuova Cultura/IAI.
Alesina, A. and Rodrik, D. 1994. ‘Distributive Politics and Economic Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 2, pp. 465–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Anne. 2009. ‘Egypt’s Strike Wave: Lessons in Leadership’, Research Briefing, ESRC Non-Governmental Public Action Programme.
Alexander, Anne. 2011. ‘The Growing Soul of Egypt’s Democratic Revolution’. International Socialist Journal, 131 (June), online at (accessed 24 June 2013).Google Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey. 2011. Performative Revolution in Egypt: The Power of Cultural Power. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alford, C. Fred. 2000. ‘What Would It Matter if Everything Foucault Said about Prison Were Wrong? “Discipline and Punish” after Twenty Years’, Theory and Society, 29, 1, pp. 125–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Kadri, J. Mayer and Butkevicius, A. 2002. ‘Dynamic Products in World Exports’, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Discussion Paper 159, May.
al-Khodr, Abd al-Aziz. 2010. al-Saudiyya sirat dawla wa mujtama. Beirut: Arab Network for Research and Publishing.Google Scholar
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2005. ‘Localizing the Transnational and Trasnationalizing the Local’, in Al-Rasheed, Madawi (ed.), Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf. London: Routledge, pp. 1–18.Google Scholar
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2007. Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New Generation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Al-Rasheed, Madawi (ed.). 2008. Kingdom without Borders: Saudi Arabia’s Political, Religious and Media Frontiers. London: Hurst.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2010. A History of Saudi Arabia, 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2011a. ‘Arabie saoudite: demain, la tempete?Politique Internationale, 132 (Summer), pp. 199–222.Google Scholar
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2011b. ‘Sectarianism as Counter-Revolution: Saudi Responses to the Arab Spring’, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11, 3, pp. 513–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2012a. ‘The Meaning of Rights for Women’, World Today, February.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2012b. ‘No Saudi Spring: Anatomy of a Failed Revolution’, Boston Review, March/April.
Alunni, A. 2012. ‘L’Africa di Gheddafi tra ideologia e pragmatismo’, in Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. (eds.), Libia. Fine o rinascita di una nazione?Rome: Donzelli Editore, pp. 137–156.Google Scholar
Amin, Ash. 2008. ‘Collective Culture and Urban Public Space’, City, 12, 1, pp. 5–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amnesty International. 2011a. Annual Report, Saudi Arabia, London: Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2011b. The Battle for Libya: Killings, Disappearances and Torture. London: Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2012. Egypt: A Year after “Virginity Tests”, Women Victims of Army Violence Still Seek Justice. London: Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 2006. Imagined Communities. Revised edition. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Aschauer, D. A. 1989. ‘Is Public Expenditure Productive?Journal of Monetary Economics, 23, 2, pp. 177–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashour, O. 2012. ‘Libya’s Muslim Brotherhood Faces the Future’, The Middle East Channel, Foreign Policy, March 9.
Badran, Margo. 1995. Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Baldinetti, A. 2010. The Origins of the Libyan Nation: Colonial Legacy, Exile and the Emergence of a New Nation-State. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Baldinetti, A. 2012. ‘La formazione dello Stato e la costruzione dell’identità nazionale’, in Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. (eds.), Libia. Fine o rinascita di una nazione. Rome: Donzelli Editore, pp. 3–20.Google Scholar
Balfour, R. 2012. ‘EU Conditionality after the Arab Spring’, 16 Papers IEMed.
Barany, Z. 2011. ‘The Role of the Military’, Journal of Democracy, 22, 4 (October), pp. 28–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Clive and Low, Murray (eds.). 2004. Spaces of Democracy: Geographical Perspectives on Citizenship, Participation and Representation. London: Sage Publications.
Baron, Beth. 1994. The Women’s Awakening in Egypt: Culture, Society and the Press. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Bashir, Muhammad Jamal. 2011. The Book of the Ultras. Cairo: Dar Dawwin.Google Scholar
Bassiouni, Mustafa and Omar, S. 2007. Banners of the Strike in the Skies of Egypt: A New Labour Movement in 2007. Cairo: Center for Socialist Studies.Google Scholar
Bayat, Asef. 1997. Street Politics: Poor People’s Movements in Iran. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Bayat, Asef. 2007. Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayat, Asef. 2010. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beblawi, H. 1990. ‘The Rentier State in the Arab World’, in Luciani, G. (ed.), The Arab State. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 85–98.Google Scholar
Beinin, Joel. 1994. ‘Will the Real Egyptian Working Class Please Stand Up?’ in Lockman, Zachary (ed.), Workers and Working Classes in the Middle East: Struggles, Histories, Historiographies. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 247–270.Google Scholar
Beinin, , , Joel. 2009. ‘Workers’ Struggles under “Socialism” and Neoliberalism’, in El-Mahdi, Rabab and Marfleet, Phil (eds.), Egypt: The Moment of Change. London: Zed Books, pp. 68–86.Google Scholar
Beinin, Joel. 2011. ‘A Workers’ Social Movement on the Margin of the Global Neoliberal Order, Egypt 2004–2009’, in Beinin, Joel and Vairel, Frédéric (eds.), Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 181–201.Google Scholar
Beinin, Joel and Hamalawy, Hossam. 2007. ‘Strikes in Egypt Spread from Center of Gravity’, Middle East Report Online, May. Online at (accessed 15 February 2010).
Bellin, E. 2002. Stalled Democracy. New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bellin, E. 2012. ‘Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East’, Comparative Politics (January), pp. 127–149.
Bicchi, F. 2007. European Foreign Policy Making toward the Mediterranean. New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bicchi, F. 2010. ‘Dilemmas of Implementation: EU Democracy Assistance in the Mediterranean’, Democratization, 17, pp. 976–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bicchi, F. and Gillespie, R. 2011. ‘The Union for the Mediterranean or the Changing Euro-Mediterranean Relations’. Special issue. Mediterranean Politics, 16, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biscop, S. 2012. ‘Mediterranean Mayhem: Lessons for European Crisis Management’, in Biscop, S., Balfour, R. and Emerson, M. (eds.), An Arab Springboard for EU Foreign Policy? Egmont Paper 54. Brussels: Academia Press.Google Scholar
Bishara, M. 2012. The Invisible Arab: The Promise and Peril of the Arab Revolution. New York: Nation Books.Google Scholar
Blockmans, S. 2012. ‘Preparing for a Post-Assad Syria: What Role for the European Union?’ CEPS Commentaries.
Bonnefoy, Laurent. 2008. ‘Salafism in Yemen: A “Saudisation?”’ in Al-Rasheed, Madawi (ed.), Kingdom without Borders: Saudi Arabia’s Political, Religious and Media Frontiers. London: Hurst, pp. 245–262.Google Scholar
Börzel, T. A. and Risse, T. 2009. ‘The Transformative Power of Europe: The European Union and the Diffusion of Ideas’, FG Working Papers. Research College ‘The Transformative Power of Europe’. Berlin: Free University of Berlin.Google Scholar
Boucek, C. 2010. ‘Yemen: Avoiding a Downward Spiral’, in Boucek, C. and Ottaway, M. (eds.), Yemen on the Brink. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, pp. 1–27.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1993. Language and Symbolic Power. Ed. and Intro by Thompson, John B.. Trans. by Raymond, Gina and Adamson, Matthew. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, John. 2012. After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked the Middle East Revolts. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Brochmann, G. and Hammer, T. 1999. Mechanisms of Immigration Control: A Comparative Analysis of European Regulation Policies. Oxford and New York: Berg.Google Scholar
Browers, Michaelle L. 2009. Political Ideology in the Arab World: Accommodation and Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, C. L. 1984. International Politics and the Middle East. Old Rules, Dangerous Game. London, I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Butler, Judith. 2011. ‘Bodies in Alliance and the Politics of the Street’, Lecture in Venice, 7 September, European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies. Online at (accessed 4 June 2012).
Calvert, John. 2010. Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism. London: Hurst and Company.Google Scholar
Camau, M. and Geisser, V. 2003. Le syndrome autoritaire, Politique en Tunisie de Bourghiba à Ben Ali, Paris: Presses de Sciences-Po.Google Scholar
Carapico, S. 1998. Civil Society in Yemen: The Political Economy of Activism in Modern Arabia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassandra, . 1995. “The Impending Crisis in Egypt”, The Middle East Journal, 49 (Winter), pp. 9–27.Google Scholar
Cassarino, J. P. 2012. ‘Reversing the Hierarchy of Priorities in EU-Mediterranean Relations’, in Peters, J. (ed.), The European Union and the Arab Spring: Promoting Democracy and Human Rights in the Middle East. New York: Lexington Books, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar
Chalcraft, John. 2005. ‘Pluralising Capital, Challenging Eurocentrism: Toward Post-Marxist Historiography’, Radical History Review, 91, pp. 13–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalcraft, John. 2009. Invisible Cage: Syrian Migrant Workers in Lebanon. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Chalcraft, John. 2011. ‘Labour Protest and Hegemony in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula’, in Nilsen, Alf and Motta, Sara (eds.), Social Movements in the Postcolonial. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 35–59.Google Scholar
Chalcraft, John. 2012. ‘Horizontalism in the Egyptian Revolutionary Process’. Middle East Report, 262 (Spring), pp. 6–11.Google Scholar
Chalcraft, John and Noorani, Yaseen (eds.). 2007. Counterhegemony in the Colony and Postcolony. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Chatterjee, Partha. 2001. ‘On Civil and Political Societies in Post-Colonial Democracies’, in Kaviraj, S. and Khilnani, Sunil (eds.), Civil Society: History and Possibilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–178.Google Scholar
Colombo, S. and Tocci, N. 2012. ‘The EU Response to the Arab Uprising: Old Wine in New Bottles?’ in Alcaro, R. and Haubrich-Seco, M. (eds.), Re-thinking Western Policies in Light of the Arab Uprising. Rome: Edizioni Nuova Cultura/IAI, pp. 71–97.Google Scholar
Costa-Font, J. (ed.). 2012. Europe and the Mediterranean Economy. London and New York: Routledge.
Daalder, I. H. and Stavridis, J. G. 2012. ‘NATO’s Victory in Libya: The Right Way to Run an Intervention’, Foreign Affairs, 91, 2 (March/April), pp. 2–7.Google Scholar
Dabashi, H. 2012. The Arab Spring: The End of Postcolonialism. London and New York: Palgrave and Zed Books.Google Scholar
Dabashi, Hamid. 2010. Iran, the Green Movement and the USA: The Fox and the Paradox. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
D’Arcus, Bruce. 2004. ‘Dissent, Public Space and the Politics of Citizenship: Riots and the “Outside Agitator”’, Space and Polity, 8, 3, pp. 358–361.Google Scholar
Day, S. 2010. ‘The Political Challenge of Yemen’s Southern Movement’, in Boucek, C. and Ottaway, M. (eds.), Yemen on the Brink. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, pp. 61–74.Google Scholar
De Schoutheete, P. 1997. ‘The Creation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy’, in Regelsberger, E., De Schoutheete, P. and Wessels, W. (eds.), Foreign Policy of the European Union. From EPC to CFSP and Beyond. Boulder, CO and London: Lyne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
De Smet, Brecht. 2012. ‘The Prince and the Pharaoh: The Collaborative Project of Egyptian Workers and Their Intellectuals in the Face of Revolution’. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Utrecht.
Deeb, M. J. 1991. Libya’s Foreign Policy in North Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Del Sarto, R. and Schumacher, T. 2005. ‘From EMP to ENP: What’s at Stake with the European Neighbourhood Policy towards the Southern Mediterranean?European Foreign Affairs Review, 10, pp. 17–38.Google Scholar
Droz-Vincent, P. 2007. ‘From Political to Economic Actors, the Transforming Role of Middle Eastern Armies’, in Schlumberger, O. (ed.), Debating Arab Authoritarianism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 195–211.Google Scholar
Droz-Vincent, P. 2011a. ‘Authoritarianism, Revolutions, Armies and Arab Regime Transitions’, The International Spectator, 46, 2 (June), pp. 5–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droz-Vincent, P. 2011b. ‘A Return of Armies to the Forefront of Arab Politics?’ Working Paper 11/21, Rome, Istituto Affari Internazionali, July.
Duboc, Marie. 2011. ‘Egyptian Leftist Intellectuals’ Activism from the Margins: Overcoming the Mobilization/Demobilization Dichotomy’, in Beinin, Joel and Vairel, Frédéric (eds.), Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 61–82.Google Scholar
Duke, S. 2012. ‘The European External Action Service: Antidote against Incoherence?European Foreign Affairs Review, 17, pp. 45–68.Google Scholar
Eken, S., Helbling, T. and Mazarei, A . 1997. Fiscal Policy and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Region. London: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
El-Erian, M. A, Bisat, A. and Helbling, T. 1997. Growth, Investment, and Saving in the Arab Economies. London: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
El-Erian, M. A. and Fennell, S. 1997. The Economy of the Middle East and North Africa in 1997. London: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
El-Erian, M. A., Fennell, S., Eken, S. and Chaffour, J. P. 1998. Growth and Stability in the Middle East and North Africa. London: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
El-Mahdi, Rabab. 2009. ‘The Democracy Movement: Cycles of Protest’, in El-Mahdi, Rabab and Marfleet, Phil (eds.), Egypt: The Moment of Change. London: Zed Books, pp. 87–102.Google Scholar
El-Mahdi, Rabab and Marfleet, Phil (eds.). 2009. Egypt: The Moment of Change. London: Zed Books.
El-Tahawi, Mona. 2012. ‘Why Do They Hate Us?’ Foreign Policy (May–June). Online at
Elyachar, Julia. 2005. Markets of Dispossession: NGOs, Economic Development, and the State in Cairo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engene, J. O. 2004. Terrorism in Western Europe: Explaining the Trends since 1950. Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Everhart, S. S. and Sumlinski, M. A. 2001. Trends in Private Investment in Developing Countries, Statistics for 1970–2000 and the Impact on Private Investment of Corruption and the Quality of Public Investment. International Finance Corporation. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Fahmi, Wael Salah. 2009. ‘Bloggers’ Street Movement and the Right to the City: (Re)claiming Cairo’s Real and Virtual “Spaces of Freedom”’, Environment and Urbanization, 21, 1 (April), pp. 89–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faraj, Muhammad Abd al-Salam. 1980. Holy War: The Neglected Obligation. Cairo: Publications of the Islamic Movement in Egypt.Google Scholar
Fasano, U. and Wang, Q. 2001. Fiscal Expenditure Policy and Non-Oil Economic Growth: Evidence from GCC Countries. London: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Filiu, Jean-Pierre. 2011. The Arab Revolution: Ten Lessons from the Democratic Uprising. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1991. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Galal, A. and Reiffers, J. L. (eds.), 2010. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership at Crossroads: FEMISE Report 2010. FEMISE. Marseille.
Gause III, F. Gregory. 2011. Saudi Arabia in the New Middle East, Report 63. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.Google Scholar
Gause III, Gregory. 1990. Saudi-Yemeni Relations: Domestic Structures and Foreign Influence. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Gerges, A. Fawaz. 2011. ‘Out of the Shadows’. New Statesman.
Gerges, A. Fawaz. 2012. Obama and the Middle East: The End of America’s Moment? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gerges, A. Fawaz. 2013. ‘The Islamic Moment: From Islamic State to Civil Islam?’ Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 128, No. 3.
Ghanim, David. 2011. Iraq’s Dysfunctional Democracy. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Gheissari, Ali. 1998. Iranian Intellectuals in the Twentieth Century. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Ghonim, Wael. 2012. Revolution 2.0: The Power of the People Is Greater Than the People in Power. London: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Gillespie, Eleanor (ed.). 2010. Politics, Succession and Risk in Saudi Arabia. Gulf States Newsletter Special Report, January.
Goldstone, Jack A. 2011. ‘Understanding the Revolutions of 2011’, Foreign Affairs, 90, 3, 8–16.Google Scholar
Grossman, G. M. and Helpman, E. 1990. ‘Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth’, American Economic Review, 80, 4, pp. 796–815.Google Scholar
Guazzone, L. and Pioppi, D. (eds.). 2012. The Arab State and Neo-Liberal Globalization, 2nd edition. Reading: Ithaca Press.
Guha, Ranajit. 1998. Dominance without Hegemony: History and Power in Colonial India. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gunning, Jeroen. 2012. ‘Seeing the Egyptian “Revolution” through Social Movement Glasses: Networks, Frames, Protest Cycles and Structural Changes’. Unpublished paper delivered at BRISMES Annual Conference, LSE, London, 26–28 March.
Habermas, Jürgen. 1996. Between Facts and Norms. Trans. Rehg, William. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Habib, John, Ibn Saud’s Warriors of Islam: The Ikhwan of Najd and their Role in the Creation of the Saudi Kingdom, 1910–1930, Leiden: Brill, 1987.Google Scholar
Halpern, M. 1963. The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hamiddin, Abdullah. 2012. al-kaynouna al-mutanaghima (Harmonious Being), 2nd edition. Dubai: Madarek.Google Scholar
Hammer, J. 2012. ‘Women, the Libyan Rebellion’s Secret Weapon’, Smithsonian Magazine, April.
Hardt, Michael and Negri, Antonio. 2011. ‘Arabs Are Democracy’s New Pioneers’. The Guardian. 24 February. Online at (accessed 24 June 2013).
Hegghammer, Thomas and Lacroix, Stephane. 2007. ‘Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia: The Story of Juhayman al-Utaybi Revisited’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 93, 1, pp. 103–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heydemann, S. 2000. War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hind, Dan. 2010. The Return of the Public. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Hinnebusch, R. 2003. The International Politics of the Middle East. Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoekman, B. M. and Djankov, S. 1996. ‘The European Union’s Mediterranean Free Trade Initiative’. The World Economy, 19, 4, pp. 387–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holden, P. 2008. ‘Development through Integration? EU Aid Reform and the Evolution of Mediterranean Aid Policy’, Journal of International Development, 20, pp. 230–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollis, R. 2012. ‘No Friend of Democratization: Europe’s Role in the Genesis of the “Arab Spring”’, International Affairs, 88, pp. 81–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, S. 1957. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, S. P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Hurewitz, J. 1969. Middle East Politics, the Military Dimension. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Fuad. 2006. The Shi’is of Saudi Arabia. London: Saqi.Google Scholar
Idle, Nadia and Nunns, Alex. 2011. Tweets from Tahrir. Doha: Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Publishing.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2002. Yemen: Beyond the Myth of a Failed State. Middle East Report No. TK, Amman and Brussels.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2011. Holding Libya Together: Security Challenges after Qadhafi. Middle East/North Africa Report 115, 14 December.
International Crisis Group. 2011. Popular Protest in the Middle East and North Africa (V): Making Sense of Libya. Middle East/North Africa Report 107, 6 June.
International Crisis Group. 2011. Popular Protest in the Middle East and North Africa (VI): The Syrian People’s Slow-Motion Revolution, Middle East/North Africa Report 108, 6 July.
International Crisis Group. 2011. Popular Protest in the Middle East and North Africa (VII): The Syrian Regime’s Slow-Motion Suicide. Middle East/North Africa Report 109, 13 July.
Ismail, Salwa. 2006. Political Life in Cairo’s New Quarters: Encountering the Everyday State. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press.Google Scholar
Ismail, Salwa. 2011. ‘The Syrian Uprising: Imagining and Performing the Nation’, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11, 3, pp. 538–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, C. I. 1995. ‘Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth Models’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 2, pp. 485–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamrava, M. 2000. ‘Military Professionalization and Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East’, Political Science Quarterly, 115, 1, pp. 67–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandiyoti, Deniz (ed.). 1991. Women, Islam and the State. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.CrossRef
Keddie, Nikki R. 2007. Women in the Middle East: Past and Present. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ketchley, Neil. 2012. ‘The People and the Army Are One Hand! A Micro-Sociology of Fraternisation in the Egyptian Revolution’. Paper presented at BRISMES Annual Conference, 26–28 March.
Khalil, Karima. 2011. Messages from Tahrir. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar
King, R., Lazaridis, G., and Tsardanidis, C. 2000. Eldorado or Fortress? Migration in Southern Europe. London and New York: Macmillan and St. Martin’s Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirzner, I. M. 1997. How Markets Work: Disequilibrium, Entrepreneurship and Discovery. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs.Google Scholar
Knight, Alan. 2007. ‘Hegemony, Counterhegemony and the Mexican Revolution’, in Chalcraft, John and Noorani, Yaseen (eds.), Counterhegemony in the Colony and Postcolony. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 23–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, N. 2011. ‘The EU and the Libyan Crisis: In Quest of Coherence?’ IAI Working Papers 11, 19 July, Rome.
Lacher, W. 2011. ‘Families, Tribes and Cities in the Libyan Revolution’, Middle East Policy, 18, 4 (Winter), pp. 140–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacher, W. 2012. ‘Is Autonomy for Northeastern Libya Realistic?’ Sada Journal, 21 March.
Lefèbvre, Henri. 2000. The Production of Space. Trans. Nicolson-Smith, D.. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Lemarchand, R. 1988. The Green and the Black: Qadhafi’s Policies in Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Lockman, Zachary. 1994. ‘Introduction’, in Workers and Working Classes in the Middle East: Struggles, Histories, Historiographies. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. xi–xxxi.Google Scholar
Low, Setha and Smith, Neil (eds.). 2006. The Politics of Public Space. London: Routledge.
Lucas, R. E. 1988. ‘On the Mechanics of Economics Development’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 1, pp. 3–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luciani, G. 1990. ‘Allocation vs. Production States’, in Luciani, G. (ed.), The Arab State. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 65–84.Google Scholar
Lynch, Marc. 2012a. Pressure, Not War: A Pragmatic and Principled Policy Towards Syria. Policy Brief, Centre for New American Security, February.
Lynch, Marc. 2012b. The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Makram-Ebeid, Dina. 2010. ‘“We Are Like Father and Son”: Neo-Liberalism and Everyday Production Relations at the Egyptian Iron and Steel Plant in Helwan’. Unpublished paper given at MESA Annual Conference, San Diego.
Matynia, Elzbieta. 2009. Performative Democracy. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar
Mehrez, Samia (ed.). 2012. Translating Egypt’s Revolution. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.CrossRef
Mernissi, Fatima. 1991. Women in Islam: An Historical and Theological Enquiry. Trans. Lakeland, Mary Jo. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mezran, K. 2012. ‘La rivolta’, in Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. (eds.), Libia. Fine o rinascita di una nazione?Rome: Donzelli Editore, pp. 157–176.Google Scholar
Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. 2012. Libia. Fine o rinascita di una nazione?Rome: Donzelli Editore.Google Scholar
Mir Hosseini, Ziba. 1999. Islam and Gender: The Religious Debate in Contemporary Iran. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mir Hosseini, Ziba. 2000. Marriage on Trial: A Study of Islamic Family Law. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Mossallam, Alia. 2012. “These Are Liberated Territories – Everyday Resistance in Egypt”, in Sadiki, Larbi (ed.), Democratic Transition in the Middle East: Unmaking Power. London: Routledge, pp. 124–152.Google Scholar
Munib, Abd al-Mun‘im. 2010. The Renunciation of the Holy Warriors: The Hidden Story of the Renunciation of Holy War and the Islamic Group in and out of Prison. Cairo: Madbuli.Google Scholar
Mustapha, Y. 2012. ‘Donors’ Responses to Arab Uprisings: Old Medicine in New Bottles?IDS Bulletin, 43, pp. 99-109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naguib, Sameh. 2009. ‘Islamism(s) Old and New’, in El- Mahdi, Rabab and Marfleet, Phil (eds.), Egypt: The Moment of Change. London: Zed Books, pp. 103–119.Google Scholar
Najmabadi, Afsaneh. 1991. ‘Hazards of Modernity: Women, State and Ideology in Contemporary Iran’, in Kandiyoti, Deniz (ed.), Women, Islam and the State. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 48–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, R. 1987. ‘Arab Armies Today’, Paper presented for the BRISMES conference at Exeter University, July.
Owen, R. 2012. The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Özcan, K. M. and Özcan, Y. Z. 2005. ‘Determinants of Private Savings in the Middle East and North Africa’, in Colton, N. A. and Neaime, S. (eds.), Money and Finance in the Middle East Missed Opportunities or Future Prospects, Vol. 6. Bingley: Emerald Group Limited, pp. 95–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pace, M. 2009. ‘Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: The Limits of EU Normative Power’, Democratization, 16, pp. 39–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pace, M. and Cavatorta, F. 2012. ‘The Arab Uprisings in Theoretical Perspective – An Introduction’, Mediterranean Politics, 17, pp. 125–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paciello, M. C. 2011. La Primavera Araba: sfide e opportunita’ economiche e sociali. Rome: CNEL/IAI.Google Scholar
Pack, J. and Barfi, B. 2012. In War’s Wake: The Struggle for Post-Qadhafi Libya, Policy Focus 118, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.Google Scholar
Page, J. 1998. ‘From Boom to Bust and Back? The Crisis of Growth in the Middle East and North Africa’ in Shafik, N., ed., Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies – From Boom to Bust and Back? London: Macmillan Press, pp. 133–158.
Pargeter, A. 2009. ‘Localism and Radicalization in North Africa: Local Factors and the Development of Political Islam in Morocco, Tunisia and Libya’, International Affairs, 85, 5, pp. 1031–1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perlmutter, A. 1977. The Military and Politics in Modern Times. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Perthes, V. 2011. ‘Europe and the Arab Spring’, Survival, 53, pp. 73–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, S. 2008. Yemen’s Democratic Experiment in Regional Perspective: Patronage and Pluralized Authoritarianism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, S. 2011. Yemen and the Politics of Permanent Crisis. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Picard, E. 1993. ‘State and Society in the Arab World: Towards a New Role for the Security Services?’ in Korany, B., Noble, P. and Brynen, R. (eds.), The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World. London: Macmillan, pp. 258–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierros, F., Meunier, J. and Abrams, S. 1999. Bridges and Barriers: The European Union’s Mediterranean Policy, 1961–1998. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Posusney, M. Pripstein and Angrist, M. (eds.). 2005. Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and Resistance. Reading: Ithaca Press.
Posusney, Marsha. P. 1993. ‘The Moral Economy of Labor Protest in Egypt’, World Politics, 46, 1, pp. 83–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radwan, S. and Reiffers, J. L. (eds.). 2005. FEMISE Report. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, 10 Years after Barcelona: Achievements and Perspectives. FEMISE. Marseille.
Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations’ Support Mission in Libya, 1 March 2012.
Roberts, David. 2012. ‘The Arab World’s Unlikely Leader: Embracing Qatar’s Expanding Role in the Region’, Project on Middle East Democracy, 13 March.
Romer, P. M. 1986. ‘Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth’, Journal of Political Economy, 94, 5, pp. 1002–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronen, Y. 2008. Qaddafi’s Libya in World Politics. London: Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Rosefsky-Wickham, Carrie. 2002. Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism and Political Change in Egypt. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rosefsky-Wickham, Carrie. 2011. ‘The Muslim Brotherhood after Mubarak’, Foreign Affairs, 3 February. Online at
Rubin, Barry. 2002. Islamic Fundamentalism in Egyptian Politics. Updated Edition. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ryan, Curtis. 2011. ‘Reform Retreats amid Jordan’s Political Storms’, Merip Online Report, 10 June. Online at
Sala-I-Martin, X. and Artadi, E. V. 2002. ‘Economic Growth and Investment in the Arab World’, Discussion Paper No. 0203–08, Columbia University, New York.
Sayigh, Y. 2011. ‘Agencies of Coercion: Armies and Internal Security Forces’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 43, 3, pp. 403–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayigh, Y. 2012. ‘Above the State: The Officers’ Republic in Egypt’, Beirut, Carnegie Middle East Center, The Carnegie Papers, August.
Schimmelfennig, F. 2001. ‘The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union’, International Organization, 55, pp. 47–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlumberger, O. (ed.). 2007. Debating Arab Authoritarianism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Schumacher, T. 2011. ‘The EU and the Arab Spring: Between Spectatorship and Actorness’, Insight Turkey, 13, pp. 107–119.Google Scholar
Schumacher, T. Forthcoming. ‘The EU and Democracy Promotion: Readjusting to the Arab Spring’, in Sadiki, L. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook on the Arab Spring. London: Routledge.
Scott, Rachel. 2012. ‘What Might the Muslim Brotherhood Do with Al-Azhar? Religious Authority in Egypt’, Die Welt des Islam, 52, pp. 131–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeberg, P. 2012. ‘Syria and the EU. The crisis in Syria and the international sanctions with a focus on Syrian-EU relations’. Working Paper Center for Mellemoststudier.
Sewell, William. H. 1993. ‘Towards a Post-Materialist Rhetoric for Labour History’, in Berlanstein, L. (ed.), Rethinking Labour History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 15–38.Google Scholar
Shari`ati, Ali. n.d. Fatima Is Fatima. Tehran: The Shari`ati Foundation.
Silverstein, Paul. 2011. ‘Weighing Morocco’s New Constitution’, Merip Online Report, 5 July. Online at
Singerman, Diane. 1995. Avenues of Participation: Family, Politics, and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, K. E. 1998. ‘The Use of Political Conditionality in the EU’s Relations with Third Countries: How Effective?European Foreign Affairs Review, 3, pp. 253–274.Google Scholar
Smith, K. E. 2005. ‘The Outsiders: The Neighbourhood Policy’, International Affairs, 81, 4, pp. 757–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solow, R. M. 1956. ‘A Contribution of the Theory to Economic Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 1, pp. 65–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springborg, R. and Henry, C. 2011. ‘Army Guys’, The American Interest, May–June.
St. John, R. B. 2008. Libya from Colony to Independence. Oxford: Oneworld.Google Scholar
St. John, R. B. 2011. Libyan Myths and Realities, Report for the Royal Danish Defense College, August.
St. John, R. B. 2012. A Transatlantic Perspective on the Future of Libya, Mediterranean Paper Series, the German Marshall Fund of the United States, May.
Tarrow, Sidney. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tocci, N. and Cassarino, J. P. 2011. ‘Rethinking the EU’s Mediterranean policies Post-1/11’, Rome: IAI Working Papers, 11–06.
Topol, Sarah. 2012. ‘Feminism, Brotherhood Style’, Foreign Policy (April). Online at
Tovias, A. 1977. Tariff Preferences in Mediterranean Diplomacy. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traboulsi, Fawwaz. 2009. ‘Public Spheres and Urban Space: A Critical Comparative Approach’, in Shami, Seteney (ed.), Publics, Politics and Participation – Locating the Public Sphere in the Middle East and North Africa. New York: Social Science Research Council, pp. 45–63.Google Scholar
Tripp, Charles. 2007. A History of Iraq. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. 2011. ‘Qatar and the Arab Spring’, Open Democracy, 12 April.Google Scholar
Van Vooren, B. 2011. ‘A Legal-Institutional Perspective on the European External Action Service’, Common Market Law Review, 48, pp. 475–502.Google Scholar
Vandewalle, D. 1998. Libya since Independence: Oil and State-Building. London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Vandewalle, D. 2006. A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varvelli, A. 2010. ‘Libia. Vere riforme oltre la retorica?ISPI Analysis, 17.Google Scholar
Varvelli, A., Zupi, M. and Hassan, S. 2012. La Libia dopo Gheddafi, Osservatorio di Politica Internazionale, n. 52 – March–April.
Villa, M. 2012. ‘Un caso poco studiato di rentier state’, in Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. (eds.), Libia. Fine o rinascita di una nazione?Rome: Donzelli Editore, pp. 61–82.Google Scholar
Vitalis, Robert. 2007. America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
vom Bruck, Gabriele. 2011. ‘When Will Yemen’s Night End?’ Le Monde Diplomatique, July.
Walton, J. and Seddon, D. 1994. Free Markets and Food Riots: The Politics of Global Adjustment. Oxford: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ware, L. B. 1985. ‘The Role of the Military in the Post-Bourguiba Era’, The Middle East Journal, 39, 1 (Winter), pp. 27–47.Google Scholar
Wedeen, L. 2008. Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen. Chicago: Chicago University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitman, R. G. and Juncos, A. E. 2012. ‘The Arab Spring, the Eurozone Crisis and the Neighbourhood: A Region in Flux’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 50, pp. 147–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Raymond. 1983. Keywords. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wingenbach, Edward C. 2011. Institutionalising Agonistic Democracy: Post-Foundationalism and Political Liberalism. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Wright, Steven. 2012. ‘Qatar’, in Christopher, Davidson (ed.), Power and Politics in the Persian Gulf Monarchies. London: Hurst, pp. 113–133.Google Scholar
Zahid, Muhammed and Medley, Michael. 2006. ‘Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Sudan’, Review of African Political Economy, 33, 110 (September), pp. 693–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zubaida, Sami. 2003. Law and Power in the Islamic World. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Zubaida, Sami. 2009. Islam, the People and the State, 3rd edition. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Zubaida, Sami. 2011. Beyond Islam: A New Understanding of the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Selected Bibliography
  • Edited by Fawaz A. Gerges, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The New Middle East
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139236737.026
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Selected Bibliography
  • Edited by Fawaz A. Gerges, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The New Middle East
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139236737.026
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Selected Bibliography
  • Edited by Fawaz A. Gerges, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The New Middle East
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139236737.026
Available formats
×