Introduction

This chapter provides a brief introduction to SNA methods. It is not meant to replace general textbooks on this topic (e.g., Scott, 2000; Wassermann and Faust, 1997; Jackson, 2008). SNA is an incredibly rich approach; a brief chapter can capture but a small aspect of this perspective. My aim here is to introduce the key concepts and methods that I use throughout this book, discussing their logic and how they are developed. This may help illuminate some of the major functions of SNA and demonstrate the relevance of SNA for the study of international relations.

Those familiar with SNA concepts and methods can skip most of the chapter, except Sections 7 and 8, which contain new measures of cliques and of network characteristics. Nevertheless, I encourage readers to at least read the next section, “The Functions of Social Network Analysis.” It covers the array of topics that SNA addresses and illuminates the levels of analysis it encompasses. Those unfamiliar with SNA can find some basic information about major measures of networks across levels of analysis. Brief definitions of SNA concepts can be found in the glossary at the end of the book. I begin by discussing the functions of SNA and its main branches. Then I review the basic methods and concepts of SNA at several levels of analysis. These levels include the individual-unit level, the dyadic level, the triadic level, the group (clique and block) level, the network (or system) level, and the Internetwork (multiplex) level. I conclude by discussing some interrelationships between levels of analysis as they are conceived by SNA approaches.