Global mental health is something that everyone supports: Who does not want everyone on the planet to be mentally well? But what does it mean to be mentally healthy, or mentally ill? What concepts of “mind”, “health”, and “illness” are applied, by whom, and with what authority? What visions of global mental health have been articulated, and by whom? Must one choose between them, and if so, how? In recent years, one particular vision of global mental health has come to dominate the field, and its answers to these questions have become increasingly influential. The Movement for Global Mental Health (henceforth MGMH) is a worldwide assemblage of psychiatrists, psychologists, government agencies, medical doctors, public health professionals, health policy makers, private foundations, medical journals, and others “committed to collective actions that aim to close the treatment gap for people living with mental disorders worldwide, based on two fundamental principles: evidence on effective treatments and the human rights of people with mental disorders” (Patel et al. 2011). It rose to prominence in 2008 following a series of articles in one of the world's leading medical journals that culminated in a call “to scale up the coverage of services for mental disorders in all countries, but especially in low-income and middle-income countries” (Chisholm et al. 2007, 1241; for the genealogies of global mental health cf. Ecks 2016 and this volume; Lovell et al. 2019).