Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-01T20:05:47.735Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - The Changing Landscape of Multilateral Financing and Global Migration Governance

from Part I - Migration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2021

Tesseltje de Lange
Affiliation:
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
Willem Maas
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto
Annette Schrauwen
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Get access

Summary

The United Nations (UN) charter did not include voluntary contributions because some feared it would undermine multilateralism. Since the 1990s, UN agencies have increasingly been financed through earmarked contributions from a diverse set of donors. A growing body of literature examines the relationship between funding and global governance. This chapter examines the role that money has played in the origin and evolution of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) as a case study of earmarking in the wider UN system. The chapter uses a new dataset of earmarked contributions to IOM to examine thematic and temporal patterns in the contributions of main donors. Contributions have largely focused on issues relating to migration management that reflect the specific interests of donors, lending weight to the argument that the earmarking of financing has allowed bilateral interests to dominate multilateral responses. On the other hand, earmarked funding has also allowed the international community to extend protection to displaced populations not covered by the refugee convention as well as to push forward migration, often a contentious issue, at the international level.

Type
Chapter
Information
Money Matters in Migration
Policy, Participation, and Citizenship
, pp. 19 - 37
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aleinikoff, T. A. (2007). International legal norms on migration: Substance without architecture. In Cholewinski, R., Perruchoud, R., & Macdonald, E., eds., International Migration Law: Developing Paradigms and Key Challenges, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 467479.Google Scholar
Andrew, J. & Eden, D. (2011). Offshoring and outsourcing the ‘unauthorised’: The annual reports of an anxious state. Policy and Society, 30(3), 221234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrijasevic, R. & Walters, W. (2010). The International Organization for Migration and the international government of borders. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28(6), 977999.Google Scholar
Bayram, A. B. & Graham, E. R. (2017). Financing the United Nations: Explaining variation in how donors provide funding to the UN. The Review of International Organizations, 12(3), 421459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betts, A. (2011). Introduction: Global migration governance. In Betts, A., ed., Global Migration Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 234.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Brachet, J. (2016). Policing the desert: The IOM in Libya beyond war and peace. Antipode, 48(2), 272292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, M. (2020). The International Organization for Migration: Challenges, Commitments, Complexities, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Broome, A. & Seabrooke, L. (2012). Seeing like an international organisation. New Political Economy, 17(1), 116.Google Scholar
Browne, S. (2017). Vertical funds: New forms of multilateralism. Global Policy, 8, 3645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caillault, C. (2012). The implementation of coherent migration management through IOM programs in Morocco, in Geiger, M., & Pécoud, A. (eds.), The New Politics of International Mobility. Migration Management and Its Discontents, pp. 133156. Osnabrück: Institut für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien (IMIS)Google Scholar
Carlin, J. A. (1989). Refugee Connection: Lifetime of Running a Lifeline, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Chamie, J. & Mirkin, B.. (2013). Dodging international migration at the United Nations. PassBlue. Retrieved from www.passblue.com/2013/01/29/dodging-international-migration-at-the-united-nations.Google Scholar
Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB). (2018). Agency Revenue by Revenue Type | United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. Retrieved from www.unsystem.org/content/FS-A00-01.Google Scholar
Collyer, M. (2012). Deportation and the micropolitics of exclusion: The rise of removals from the UK to Sri Lanka. Geopolitics, 17(2), 276292.Google Scholar
Dingwerth, K. & Pattberg, P. (2009). Actors, arenas, and issues in global governance. In Whitman, J. (ed.), Palgrave Advances in Global Governance, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 4165.Google Scholar
Ege, J. & Bauer, M. W. (2017). How financial resources affect the autonomy of international public administrations. Global Policy, 8, 7584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elie, J. (2010). The historical roots of cooperation between the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 16(3), 345360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frowd, P. M. (2014). The field of border control in Mauritania. Security Dialogue, 45(3), 226241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frowd, P. M. (2018a). Developmental borderwork and the International Organization for Migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(10), 16561672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frowd, P. M. (2018b). Security at the Borders: Transnational Practices and Technologies in West Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781108556095.Google Scholar
Gabriel, C. & Macdonald, L. (2018). After the International Organization for Migration: Recruitment of Guatemalan temporary agricultural workers to Canada. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(10), 17061724.Google Scholar
Geiger, M. (2010). Mobility, development, protection, EU-integration! The IOM’s national migration strategy for Albania. In Geiger, M. & Pécoud, A. (eds.), The Politics of International Migration Management, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 141159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetz, K. H. & Patz, R. (2017). Resourcing international organizations: Resource diversification, organizational differentiation, and administrative governance. Global Policy, 8, 514.Google Scholar
Graham, E. R. (2015). Money and multilateralism: How funding rules constitute IO governance. International Theory, 7(1), 162194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, E. R. (2017a). Follow the money: How trends in financing are changing governance at international organizations. Global Policy, 8, 1525.Google Scholar
Graham, E. R. (2017b). The institutional design of funding rules at international organizations: Explaining the transformation in financing the United Nations. European Journal of International Relations, 23(2), 365390.Google Scholar
Gray, J. (2014). Donor Funding and Institutional Expansions in International Organizations: Failures of Legitimacy and Efficiency. Unpublished Manuscript, University of Pennsylvania. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=2014&author=J+Gray&title=Donor+funding+and+institutional+expansions+in+international+organizations%3A+Failures+of+legitimacy+and+efficiencyGoogle Scholar
Hall, N. (2015). Money or mandate? Why international organizations engage with the climate change regime. Global Environmental Politics, 15(2), 7997.Google Scholar
Heldt, E. & Schmidtke, H. (2017). Measuring the empowerment of international organizations: The evolution of financial and staff capabilities. Global Policy, 8, 5161.Google Scholar
Hüfner, K. (2017). The financial crisis of UNESCO after 2011: Political reactions and organizational consequences. Global Policy, 8, 96101.Google Scholar
IOM. (2002). Programme and Budget for 2003, MC/2083.Google Scholar
IOM. (2003a). IOM – UN Relationship: Summary Report of the Working Group on Institutional Arrangements, MC/INF/263.Google Scholar
IOM. (2003b). Review of the Organizational Structure of the International Organization for Migration, MC/2287.Google Scholar
IOM. (2005) Financial Report for the Year Ended 31 December 2005, MC/2196Google Scholar
IOM. (2018). Financial Report for the Year Ended 31 December 2017, C/109/3.Google Scholar
Kahler, M. (1992). Multilateralism with small and large numbers. International Organization, 46(3), 681708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keohane, R. O. (1990). Multilateralism: An agenda for research. International Journal, 45(4), 731.Google Scholar
Koch, A. (2014). The politics and discourse of migrant return: The role of UNHCR and IOM in the governance of return. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(6), 905923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koser, K. (2010). Introduction: International migration and global governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 16(3), 301315.Google Scholar
Lebon-McGregor, E. (forthcoming) Bringing about the “perfect storm” in migration governance: A History of the IOM. In Pécoud, A. & Thiollet, H., eds., The Institutions of Global Migration Governance, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
MADE Network. (2019). Open Civil Society Briefing on UN Network on Migration and IMRF Modalities. Retrieved from www.youtube.com/watch?v=sElfj66u0dU&feature=youtu.be.Google Scholar
McGregor, E. (2019) Money Matters: The Role of Funding in Migration Governance. International Migration Institute Working Paper 149.Google Scholar
McGregor, E. (2020). Migration, the MDGs and the SDGs: Context and complexity. In Bastia, T. & Skeldon, R., eds., Routledge Handbook of Migration and Development, New York: Routledge, 284297Google Scholar
Michaelowa, K. (2017). Resourcing international organisations: So what? Global Policy, 8, 113123.Google Scholar
Morris, T. (2005). IOM: Trespassing on others’ humanitarian space. Forced Migration Review, 22, 43.Google Scholar
Naím, M. (29 June 2009). Minilateralism. Retrieved 11 October 2020, from https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/06/21/minilateralism.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuys, C. & Pécoud, A. (2007). Human trafficking, information campaigns, and strategies of migration control. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 16741695.Google Scholar
Pécoud, A. (2018). What do we know about the international organization for migration? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(10), 16211638.Google Scholar
Perruchoud, R. (1989). From the intergovernmental committee for European migration to the international organization for migration. International Journal of Refugee Law, 1(4), 501517.Google Scholar
Rosengaertner, S. (2017). Who will pay for safe, orderly and regular migration? In Jenks, B. & Topping, J., Financing the UN Development System: Pathways to Reposition for Agenda 2030, New York: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and the United Nations Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office (UN MPTFO), 141146.Google Scholar
Ruggie, J. G. (1992). Multilateralism: The anatomy of an institution. International Organization, 46(3), 561598.Google Scholar
Schatral, S. (2011). Categorisation and instruction: The IOM’s role in preventing human trafficking in the Russian Federation. In Bhambry, T., Griffin, C., Hjelm, J. T. O., Nicholson, C. & Voronina, O. G. (eds.), Perpetual Motion? Transformation and Transition in Central and Eastern Europe & Russia. London: School of Slavonic and East European Studies, UCL, 2-15.Google Scholar
Seitz, K. & Martens, J. (2017). Philanthrolateralism: Private funding and corporate influence in the United Nations. Global Policy, 8, 4650.Google Scholar
Siegel, M., McGregor, E.W., van der Vorst, V., & Frouws, B. (2013). Independent Evaluation of the ILO’s Work on International Labour Migration. Retrieved from http://ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-ed_mas/-eval/documents/publication/wcms_421232.pdf.Google Scholar
Sridhar, D. & Woods, N. (2013). Trojan multilateralism: Global cooperation in health. Global Policy, 4(4), 325335.Google Scholar
Thorvaldsdottir, S. (2016). How to Win Friends and Influence the UN: Donor Influence on the United Nations’ Bureaucracy, Presented at the Political Economy of International Organizations PEIO, University of Utah. Retrieved from www.svanhildur.com/uploads/3/0/2/2/30227211/howtowinfriends.pdf.Google Scholar
Thouez, C. (2019). Strengthening migration governance: The UN as ‘wingman’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(8), 12421257.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2017). Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary – General on Migration, A/71/728, United Nations General Assembly. Retrieved from www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/15/documents/Report%20of%20SRSG%20on%20Migration%20-%20A.71.728_ADVANCE.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations. (22 January 2018). UN Chief Outlines Reforms that ‘Put Member States in Driver’s Seat’ on Road to Sustainable Development. Retrieved 11 October 2020, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/01/1000931.Google Scholar
Valarezo, G. (2015). Offloading migration management: The institutionalized authority of non-state agencies over the Guatemalan Temporary Agricultural Worker to Canada project. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(3), 661677.Google Scholar
Wunderlich, D. (2012). Europeanization through the grapevine: Communication gaps and the role of international organizations in implementation networks of EU external migration policy. Journal of European Integration, 34(5), 485503.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×