The second part of this book highlights the ‘meeting’ of policies introduced from the top down with the bottom-up initiatives introduced by the professions. It focuses on actor-based changes and the agency of the various players, more related to meso and micro-levels of governance, namely, the new forms of networks and managerialism, new patterns of professionalisation and the impact of the service users (research design step III, see Figure i.1). I ask whether and how the professions take up the key policy issues of modernising health care. Is the German health system giving rise to a new type of a citizen professional, more accountable to patients and the public? Does it promote new patterns of professionalism that better serve the demands of integrated care, quality management and public control of providers? And, concomitantly, does it create a new type of a citizen consumer, one who is fully involved in decision making on health care? The aim of Part II is to highlight the tensions between the innovative and conservative elements of professional self-regulation and corporatism, which release ongoing dynamics in the health workforce and the provider–user relationship. This approach brings into view complex transformations of both governance and professionalism, and the wide room for manoeuvre in the corporatist stakeholder arrangement in Germany.