Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nmvwc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-26T14:31:18.529Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Real-time spectrum analysis and time-correlated measurements applied to nonlinear system characterization

from Part II - Microwave instrumentation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2013

By
Marcus Da Silva
Edited by
Valeria Teppati ,
Andrea Ferrero  and
Mohamed Sayed
Marcus Da Silva
Affiliation:
Tektronix Inc.
Valeria Teppati
Affiliation:
Swiss Federal University (ETH), Zürich
Andrea Ferrero
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Torino
Mohamed Sayed
Affiliation:
Microwave and Millimeter Wave Solutions, Santa Rosa
Get access

Summary

Nonlinear performance characterization and measurements have become an important consideration for today's modern technologies as digital clock rates increase and wireless communication systems attempt to keep up with the dynamic delivery of voice, video, and data over a finite wireless spectrum. Transient anomalies caused by the interaction of various digital and analog signals within a system, nonlinear behavior and device memory effects, can all degrade system performance, causing EMI/EMC regulatory violations, lost calls, packet errors, and system inefficiency.

This chapter explores the techniques used in real-time spectrum and signal analysis and presents applications where real-time technologies can be applied to offer a modern approach to the detection, discovery, and analysis of transient behavior, including those caused by nonlinear memory effects and interactions between the digital and analog parts of modern embedded systems.

Introduction

The class of instruments called spectrum analyzers has evolved with the uses of the electromagnetic spectrum and with the available technology. Early instruments, then called Wave Analyzers, were manually tuned receivers that measured the signal level at the frequency to which they were tuned. The addition of sweep tuning and a CRT enabled a two-dimensional display of amplitude versus frequency and engendered the Swept Tuned Spectrum Analyzer (SA). The advent of digital modulation techniques and the availability of precision Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), coupled with enough computing power for Digital Signal Processing (DSP), brought forth the Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA).

Type
Chapter
Information
Modern RF and Microwave Measurement Techniques , pp. 64 - 97
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] R & S FSVR Data Sheet. Münich, Germany: Rohde & Schwarz GmbH KG, 2010.
[2] Implementation of Real-Time Spectrum Analysis. Munich, Germany: Rohde & Schwarz GmbH KG, 2011.
[3] Gauss Instruments TDEMI 40G Data Sheet. Münich, Germany: Gauss Instruments GmbH, 2012.
[4] Fundamentals of Real-time Spectrum Analysis. Beaverton, OR: Tektronix Inc., 2008.
[5] F. G., Stremler, Introduction to Communications Systems. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990.Google Scholar
[6] A. V., Oppenehim and R. W., Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.Google Scholar
[7] L. R., Rabiner and B., Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975.Google Scholar
[8] A. V., Oppenheim, A. S., Willsky, and I. T., Young, Signals and Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983.Google Scholar
[9] Y., He, D., McCarthy, and M., daSilva, “Different measurement methods for characterizing and detecting memory effects in nonlinear RF power amplifiers,” ARFTG Conference, Phoenix, December 2007.Google Scholar
[10] Measurement of the nonlinearities of RF amplifiers using signal generators and a spectrum analyzer. Münich, Germany: Rohde & Schwarz GmbH KG, 2006.
[11] Fundamentals of Digital Phosphor Technology in Real-time Spectrum Analyzers, Beaverton, OR: Tektronix Inc., 2008.
[12] DPX turns a light on in a dark room, Beaverton, OR: Tektronix Inc., 2006.
[13] K., Bernard and E., Gee, “Real time power mask trigger,” US Patent 7 251 577, July 31, 2007.Google Scholar
[14] K., Bernard, “Time-arbitrary signal power statistics measurement device and method,” US Patent 7 298 129, November 20, 2007.Google Scholar
[15] K., Bernard and E., Gee, “Real time power mask trigger,” US Patent 7 418 357, August 26, 2007.Google Scholar
[16] M., Agoston, W. B., Harrington, and S. L., Halsted, “Method of generating a variable persistence waveform database,” US Patent 7 216 046, May 8, 2007.Google Scholar
[17] S. R., Morton and J. C., Demogalla, “Method and apparatus for identifying, saving, and analyzing continuous frequency domain data in a spectrum analyzer,” US Patent 5 103 402, April 7, 1992.Google Scholar
[18] J. D., Earls and A. K., Hillman, “Multichannel simultaneous real-time spectrum analysis with offset frequency trigger,” US Patent 7 352 827, April 1, 2008.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×