Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T08:53:02.231Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Mindfulness and creativity in the workplace

from Part II - Research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2015

Ravi S. Kudesia
Affiliation:
Washington University
Jochen Reb
Affiliation:
Singapore Management University
Paul W. B. Atkins
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Get access

Summary

Introduction

In the spring of 2010, the technology and consulting organization IBM released a much-publicized opinion study of CEOs. Some 1,500 chief executives from 60 countries and 33 industries suggested that more than integrity, rigor, or even vision, creativity is the single most important leadership competency (Berman and Korsten 2010). Upon reflection, this finding is not entirely counterintuitive as creativity is a key driver of long-term organizational success (Florida, 2002). Far too often, top managers fall into routine and habitual ways of doing business that prevent them from adapting to changing conditions and recognizing new opportunities (Nystrom and Starbuck 1984). Firms such as Polaroid, whose management was wholly unprepared to adapt to the rise of digital photography, richly illustrate this point (Tripsas and Gavetti 2000). As business environments grow increasingly volatile and complex, managers who can navigate ambiguity and respond adaptively to change will be in ever-higher demand.

Yet, despite being of critical importance to firm success, academics and practitioners alike are uncertain how to best facilitate workplace creativity. Existing approaches largely seek to improve creativity either by hiring individuals perceived as particularly talented or by implementing policies and procedures that increase employees' motivation to think creatively. Mindfulness training may represent a third route to creativity. While typically conceptualized as a wellness intervention, mindfulness training was developed by Buddhist monastics to produce a state of mind that “differs profoundly” from “our usual mode of consciousness” (Bodhi 1984, p. 75). This state of mind speaks rather directly to the kind of cognitive flexibility and creative insight required in the modern workplace. As such, I suggest that mindfulness may provide a distinctive intrapsychic path to enhanced workplace creativity. In this chapter, I therefore outline an integrated perspective of creative cognition in light of mindfulness that I hope will be of benefit to academics and practitioners alike.

Type
Chapter
Information
Mindfulness in Organizations
Foundations, Research, and Applications
, pp. 190 - 212
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, Sept–Oct, 77–87.Google ScholarPubMed
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K., and Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 779–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barron, F. (1969). Creative person and creative process. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Barron, F. and Harrington, D. M. (1981). Creativity, intelligence, and personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 32(1), 439–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergomi, C., Tschacher, W., and Kupper, Z. (2012). The assessment of mindfulness with self-report measures: existing scales and open issues. Mindfulness, 4, 191–202.Google Scholar
Berman, S. and Korsten, P. (2010). Capitalising on complexity: insights from the global chief executive officer (CEO) study. Portsmouth, UK: IBM Institute for Business Value.Google Scholar
Bodhi, B. (1984). The noble eightfold path: way to the end of suffering. Onalaska, WA: Pariyatti.Google Scholar
Brefczynski-Lewis, J. A., Lutz, A., Schaefer, H. S., Levinson, D. B., and Davidson, R. J. (2007). Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(27), 11483–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., and Higgins, D. M. (2003). Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3), 499–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiesa, A. (2012). The difficulty of defining mindfulness: current thought and critical issues. Mindfulness, 4(3), 255–68.Google Scholar
Culler, J. D. (1986). Ferdinand de Saussure. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
De Bono, E. (1985). Six thinking hats. New York: Little Brown and Company.Google Scholar
Dewing, K. and Battye, G. (1971). Attentional deployment and non-verbal fluency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(2), 214–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dykes, M. and McGhie, A. (1976). A comparative study of attentional strategies in schizophrenics and highly creative normal subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 50–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, D. R., Baer, R. A., and Segerstrom, S. G. (2009). The effects of mindfulness and self-consciousness on persistence. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(4): 379–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class. North Melbourne: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Goldin, P., Ramel, W., and Gross, J. (2009). Mindfulness meditation training and self-referential processing in social anxiety disorder: behavioral and neural effects. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3), 242–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, W. J. (1961). Synectics: the development of creative capacity. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J., Reiner, K., and Meiran, N. (2012). “Mind the trap”: mindfulness practice reduces cognitive rigidity. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e36206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., and Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guilford, J. P. (1959). Three faces of intellect. American psychologist, 14(8), 469–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C. and Wilson, K. G. (2003). Mindfulness: method and process. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 161–5.Google Scholar
Heppner, W. L., Kernis, M. H., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Goldman, B. M., Davis, P. J., and Cascio, E. V. (2008). Mindfulness as a means of reducing aggressive behavior: dispositional and situational evidence. Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 486–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodgins, H. S. and Adair, K. C. (2010). Attentional processes and meditation. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(4), 872–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurley, R. F. and Hult, G. T. M. (1998). Innovation, market orientation, and organisational learning: an integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 42–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., and Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1122–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jha, A. P., Stanley, E. A., and Baime, M. J. (2010). What does mindfulness training strengthen? Working memory capacity as a functional marker of training success. In Baer, R. (ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: illuminating the processes of change. New York: New Harbinger Publications, pp. 207–25.Google Scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacorte.Google Scholar
Kasamatsu, A. and Hirai, T. (1966). An electroencephalographic study on the Zen meditation (Zazen). Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica, 20(4), 315–36.Google Scholar
Kasof, J. (1997). Creativity and breadth of attention. Creativity Research Journal, 10(4), 303–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klostermaier, K. (1991). The nature of Buddhism. Asian Philosophy: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East, 1(1), 29–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koestler, A. (1964). The act of creation. London: Hutchinson and Co.Google Scholar
Kozasa, E. H., Sato, J. R., Lacerda, S. S., Barreiros, M. A. M., Radvany, J., Russell, T. A., Sanches, L. G., Mello, L. E. A. M., and Amaro, E. (2012). Meditation training increases brain efficiency in an attention task. NeuroImage, 59(1), 745–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudesia, R. S. and Nyima, T. (2014). Mindfulness contextualized: a review and integration of Buddhist and neuropsychological approaches to cognition. Mindfulness, doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0337-8.Google Scholar
Kudesia, R. S. and Parke, M. R. (2014). The flexible mind: the role of mindfulness in cognitive adaptation. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.
Kudesia, R. S., Baer, M., and Elfenbein, H. A. (2013). Letting go: How mindfulness meditation impacts creativity and decision making. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL.
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: the embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lee, C. S. and Therriault, D. J. (2013). The cognitive underpinnings of creative thought: a latent variable analysis exploring the roles of intelligence and working memory in three creative thinking processes. Intelligence, 41(5), 306–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luchins, A. S. (1942). Mechanization in problem solving. Psychological Monographs, 54(6), 1–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, A., Dunne, J. D., and Davidson, R. J. (2007). Meditation and the neuroscience of consciousness. In Zelazo, P., Moscovitch, M., and Thompson, E. (eds.), Cambridge handbook of consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 480–551.Google Scholar
Martindale, C. (1989). Personality, situation, and creativity. In Glover, J. A., Ronning, R. R., and Reynolds, C. R. (eds.), Handbook of creativity. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 211–32.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R. (1987). Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1258–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendelsohn, G. A. (1976). Associative and attentional processes in creative performance. Journal of Personality, 44(2), 341–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mrazek, M. D., Franklin, M. S., Phillips, D. T., Baird, B., and Schooler, J. W. (2013). Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological Science, 24(5), 776–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mumford, M. D. (2003). Where have we been, where are we going? Taking stock in creativity research. Creativity Research Journal, 15, 107–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K., Rietzschel, E. F., and Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1), 34–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nystrom, P. C. and Starbuck, W. H. (1984). To avoid organizational crises, unlearn. Organizational Dynamics, 12(4), 53–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohlsson, S. (1992). Information-processing explanations of insight and related phenomena. In Keane, M. T. and Gilhooly, K. J. (eds.), Advances in the psychology of thinking. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp. 1–44.Google Scholar
Osborn, A. F. (1953). Applied imagination: principles and procedures of creative problem-solving. New York: Scribner's Sons.Google Scholar
Ostafin, B. D. and Kassman, K. T. (2012). Stepping out of history: mindfulness improves insight problem solving. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(2), 1031–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Puccio, G. J., Cabra, J. F., Fox, J. M., and Cahen, H. (2010). Creativity on demand: historical approaches and future trends. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 24(2), 153–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes, M. (1961). An analysis of creativity. Phi Delta Kappan, 42, 305–10.Google Scholar
Roberson, D., Davies, I., and Davidoff, J. (2000). Color categories are not universal: replications and new evidence from a stone-age culture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(3), 369–98.Google Scholar
Schooler, J. W., Ohlsson, S., and Brooks, K. (1993). Thoughts beyond words: when language overshadows insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122(2), 166–83.Google Scholar
Scott, G., Leritz, L. E., and Mumford, M. D. (2004). The effectiveness of creativity training: a quantitative review. Creativity Research Journal, 16(4), 361–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., and Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: where should we go from here?Journal of Management, 30(6), 933–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanteau, J. and Dino, G. A., (1993). Environmental stressor effects on creativity and decision making. In Svenson, O. and Maule, A. J. (eds.), Time pressure and stress in human judgment and decision making. New York:Plenum Press,pp. 293–308.Google Scholar
Tierney, P. and Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1137–48.Google Scholar
Tripsas, M. and Gavetti, G. (2000). Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: evidence from digital imaging. Strategic Management Journal, 21(10–11), 1147–61.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trungpa, C. and Goleman, D. (2005). The sanity we are born with: a Buddhist approach to psychology. Boston, MA: Shambhala.Google Scholar
Valentine, E. R. and Sweet, P. L. G. (1999). Meditation and attention: a comparison of the effects of concentrative and mindfulness meditation on sustained attention. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 2(1), 59–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. New York: Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar
Welling, H. (2007). Four mental operations in creative cognition: the importance of abstraction. Creativity Research Journal, 19(2–3), 163–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., and Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×