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Chapter 9 - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults

From Research to Clinical Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2024

By
Philip Asherson ,
Judit Balazs ,
Istvan Bitter ,
Pieter-Jan Carpentier ,
Rafał Jaeschke ,
Pavel Mohr ,
Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga ,
Pietro De Rossi ,
Bengi Semerci  and
Sandra Kooij
Edited by
Andrea Fiorillo ,
Peter Falkai  and
Philip Gorwood
Andrea Fiorillo
Affiliation:
University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples
Peter Falkai
Affiliation:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Philip Gorwood
Affiliation:
Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris
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Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood. We provide an overview of prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Future directions highlight key areas of progress. ADHD is not always an early childhood onset disorder; it may emerge as an impairing condition during the adolescent years. Transition from child to adult services is poor and greater efforts are needed to ensure effective treatment during this critical stage. There are sex differences in the expression of ADHD. Related to this, the diagnosis of ADHD is often missed in girls but is increasingly recognized in adult life. The impact of emotional instability as a core feature of ADHD on mental health is widely recognized. It is still the case that ADHD is often misdiagnosed for other common mental health conditions, and greater awareness of ADHD is needed among health care professionals. Prominent comorbidities include substance use and sleep problems. Finally, we consider the cognitive and neural processes that explain persistence of ADHD. The balance of default mode to task positive network activity may lead to core symptoms such as spontaneous mind wandering, and the role of saliency on task performance.

Keywords

neurodevelopmentattention deficit hyperactivity disorderadult mental healthstimulantscomorbidityacademic failuresubstance use disorderssleep disordersage of onset
Type
Chapter
Information
Mental Health Research and Practice
From Evidence to Experience
 , pp. 135 - 157
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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