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4 - The moral psychology of Kantian virtue

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2010

Anne Margaret Baxley
Affiliation:
Washington University, St Louis
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Summary

In his theory of virtue, Kant emphasizes the fact that finite rational beings with sensibility are affected by principles of practical reason, and he explicitly includes feelings, desires, and interests that are shaped by reason as important ingredients in virtue. Kant identifies moral feeling, conscience, love for humanity, and self-respect as “moral endowments” that lie at the very basis of morality, as subjective conditions of moral agency that make us receptive to moral obligations (MS 6: 399; 528). In addition, he contends that love and respect are duties that we are enjoined to adopt, and portrays love and respect as morally valuable feelings that facilitate our ability to fulfill our duties of virtue. Furthermore, Kant insists that sympathy is a feeling implanted in us by nature that enables us to do what the mere thought of duty alone may not be able to accomplish (MS 6: 456–7; 574–5). Sympathy is important for virtue, because sympathy makes us sensitive to the joy and pain of others, and thereby provides us with the moral insight and knowledge we need in order to alleviate the suffering of our fellow human beings and promote their happiness. If these claims were not sufficient to indicate that the moral psychology at the heart of Kant's considered account of moral character marks a significant development in his ethics, we should note that the temperament of Kantian virtue is not sullen and morose, for, as Kant describes her, the genuinely virtuous person desires to act as reason dictates and takes satisfaction and pleasure in virtuous activity.

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Chapter
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Kant's Theory of Virtue
The Value of Autocracy
, pp. 124 - 171
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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References

Cagle, Randy, “Becoming a Virtuous Agent: Kant and the Cultivation of Feelings and Emotions,” Kant-Studien 96 (2005): 452–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packer, Mark, “Kant on Desire and Moral Pleasure,” Journal of the History of Ideas 50, 3 (1989): 429–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, James, “Morality and Sensibility in Kant: Toward a Theory of Virtue,” Kantian Review 8 (2004): 89–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorensen, Kelly, “Kant's Taxonomy of the Emotions,” Kantian Review 6 (2002): 109–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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