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4 - The Anecdote on the Battlefield: Napoleon—Kleist—Kluge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2024

Seán Allan
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
Jeffrey L. High
Affiliation:
California State University, Long Beach
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Summary

In this chapter I analyze the anecdote as a form of representing history (and counter-history) that can be turned into an instrument of propaganda in the context of mass media coverage within a politically charged public sphere. Taking my cue from a Napoleon anecdote composed by Alexander Kluge, I begin with some basic considerations on the relationship between anecdotal writing on the one hand, and fortune or chance on the other, before considering how Napoleon himself transformed the genre of the anecdote into an effective means of propaganda warfare. Finally, the example of the Prussian poet Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811) will be presented to show how the anecdote can be deployed as a subversive form of counter-history (and, ultimately, counter-propaganda).

I.

One of the basic stories, or “Basisgeschichten,” that make up Chronik der Gefühle (Chronicle of Feelings, 2000), by Alexander Kluge (1932–), is an anecdote that describes the distinctive character of the relationship of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) to fortune as follows:

KATASTROPHE, übersetzt von Kampe, 1813, Glückswechsel. Glückswende.

Es wendet sich 1813 das Glück des dicken Bonaparte. Er glaubt, aus Rußland zurück, nach einem Bad in warmem Wasser, nach Meldungen, die ihm die Bewegungen der Gegner vorhersagen, daß er “sein Glück erzwingen kann”; denn dies ist von der Französischen Revolution übriggeblieben: Glückserzwingung, das Machbare.

Darin ist der kleine Kaiser ein Spezialist. Wer ihn beobachtet hat, diese zwingende Empfindung, diesen Jagdverstand, vertraute ihm, daß er die Lücke in den Tatsachenhaufen erspäht. Im Gegensatz zu Hunger, Durst, Beutegier oder Vorteil ist sein Sinn auf nichts Wirkliches gerichtet, sondern auf die Lücke, in der der glückliche Ausgang wohnt, die Spur, die alle anderen nicht sehen, weil ja Glück selten ist. Die anderen sind auf Grund dieser Seltenheit ungläubig geworden.

[CATASTROPHE, translated by Kampe, 1813, as change of luck, turn of fortune.

In 1813 fat Bonaparte’s fortunes turn. Sitting in a hot bath after his return from Russia, and with reports predicting his opponents’ movements, he believes that “luck is something he can enforce”; this is the legacy of the French Revolution: the belief that luck and the accomplishment of anything humanly possible lie within the individual’s power.

Type
Chapter
Information
Inspiration Bonaparte?
German Culture and Napoleonic Occupation
, pp. 94 - 118
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2021

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