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28 - KSHV gene expression and regulation

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Thomas F. Schulz  and
Yuan Chang
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Thomas F. Schulz
Affiliation:
Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
Yuan Chang
Affiliation:
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

In this chapter, both in vivo and in vitro KSHV viral gene expression patterns are described. Observations in both systems have been critical for the identification of viral proteins contributing to the pathogenic properties of this virus and for our appreciation of how this virus persists and replicates in the course of naturally occurring infections, the vast majority of which are asymptomatic (see Epidemiology). In contrast to other human herpesviruses, cell-free infection with KSHV in vitro is still inefficient and only a few studies have investigated viral gene expression following de novo infection. However, informative studies using in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and various methods of transcript analysis have been carried out with stably infected, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)-derived cell lines and, to a lesser extent, biopsy samples. Gradually, a picture on viral gene expression patterns and their regulation in different cell types is beginning to emerge.

Viral gene expression patterns in culture

PEL derived cell lines

PEL cell lines remain the most tractable system for examining KSHV viral gene expression. The vast majority of cells are infected latently and express a restricted repertoire of genes, while a small percentage (this varies from cell line to cell line, usually in the order of 1%–5%) of cells spontaneously switch into the lytic replication cycle. Lytic reactivation can be enhanced (up to 20% in some cell lines) in this system by chemical treatment with butyrate or phorbol esters.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 490 - 513
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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