In the course of his guided tour of Northant, GB takes his little group of tourists into the church. He describes the interior of the building and draws attention to various features. In one part of his discourse he says (GB 3.09.07) “there is Gil Crestwood (..…) and there is Floyd Craddock.” It would be impossible for any member of the group to know what he was referring to, however, without also taking into consideration the fact that, as he says this, he extends his straight arm upwards, angled first in one direction, then in another, in each case with his hand shaped so that only his index finger is extended. With these gestures, in each case, he directs his audience's attention to the location of the two objects he has named which are, in this case, statues. He points to each statue in turn, as he refers to them, but only by doing so does he make the speech in his utterance intelligible. Without these pointing gestures the meaning of GB's “there” in each case could never be known. As we saw in Chapter 6, gestures of pointing, or deictic gestures, have been recognized as a separate class by almost all of the students of gesture we have reviewed and it has always been understood that such gestures can play a fundamental role in establishing how an utterance is to be understood. There are very few studies, however, which have examined the way in which pointing is done.