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4A - Neutrophils I

from PART II - INDIVIDUAL CELL TYPES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Jose U. Scher ,
Steven B. Abramson  and
Michael H. Pillinger
Edited by
Charles N. Serhan ,
Peter A. Ward  and
Derek W. Gilroy
With contributions by
Samir S. Ayoub
Jose U. Scher
Affiliation:
New York University Langone Medical Center
Steven B. Abramson
Affiliation:
New York University Langone Medical Center
Michael H. Pillinger
Affiliation:
New York University Langone Medical Center
Charles N. Serhan
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Peter A. Ward
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Derek W. Gilroy
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or granulocytes are hematopoietically derived phagocytes characterized by multilobed nuclei and the presence of multiple, distinct granules within their cytoplasm. Three different polymorphonuclear leukocytes are distinguished according to their granular staining properties: neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils or PMNs), basophils, and eosinophils. Neutrophil granules stain preferentially with neutral dyes, whereas basophil granules stain with basic dyes, and eosinophilic granules stain with acidic colorants such as eosin. These three types of leukocytes differ not only in their tinctorial properties, but also in their functions and roles during the inflammatory process. They constitute key effector cells in innate immunity, and the frontline of host defense in response to foreign antigens and microorganisms. In this chapter, we will focus on the biology and role of neutrophils. The other polymorphonuclear leukocytes are discussed elsewhere.

NEUTROPHIL HOMEOSTASIS: MYELOPOIESIS AND DESTRUCTION

Neutrophil myelopoiesis is a closely regulated pro cess that begins with the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into primitive myeloid progenitors, which in turn differentiate into specific myeloid precursors. Contact with specific adhesion molecules, hematopoietic growth factors, and cytokines promotes the progression of myeloblasts along unique pathways to mature as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as monocytes. The sequence that leads to neutrophil formation begins with the neutrophilic promyelocyte and progresses through several maturation steps (neutrophilic myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band cell, and mature neutrophil) (Figure 4A.1).

Type
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Fundamentals of Inflammation , pp. 39 - 48
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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