At the end of the public auto de fe celebrated at the Sicilian capital of Palermo in December 1607, the cardboard effigy of a surgeon named Zosimo Cannata, who had died three years ago, was officially condemned. The Inquisition's notaries solemnly warned that all his descendants for four generations would be forbidden from holding any ecclesiastical benefices, forbidden to ride on horseback, forbidden to wear silk. On the morning after the auto, Cannata's effigy was burned outside the gate of St. Agatha by order of Palermo's Captain. Unlike the hundreds of people who shared his dubious honor of being executed in effigy by the Spanish Inquisition after 1540, Cannata was not a baptized Catholic accused of practicing Judaism, Protestantism, or Islam. What had he done to deserve this unusual distinction?