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Chronology of the Howieson's Poort and Still Bay techno-complexes: assessment and new data from luminescence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2019

Chantal Tribolo
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (UMR 1572), Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
Norbert Mercier
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (UMR 1572), Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
Hélène Valladas
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (UMR 1572), Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
Francesco d'Errico
Affiliation:
George Washington University, Washington DC
Lucinda Backwell
Affiliation:
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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Summary

Abstract

The chronologies of the Still Bay and the Howieson's Poort techno-complexes have been hotly debated for the last three decades, because though these technologies belong to the South African Middle Stone Age (MSA) they show affinities with those of the Late Stone Age (LSA) and are found associated with remains that reflect modern human behaviour. The aim of this article is to sum up and discuss the various published chronological data. In the first part are summarised the hypotheses derived from multidisciplinary (geological, palaeontological, stable-isotopic…) studies at Border Cave and Klasies River Mouth which place the Howieson's Poort within the last glacial cycle. In the second part a summary and evaluation of the radiometric and biochemical dates obtained since 1990 for the remains associated with these two techno-complexes is followed by a presentation of the thermoluminescence ages recently calculated for the burnt stones from the Howieson's Poort levels of the Klasies River Mouth (56 ± 3 thousand years (Ka) and the [Still Bay] levels of the Blombos Cave (74 ± 5 Ka).

Résumé

La chronologie des techno-complexes Still Bay (SB) et Howieson's Poort a fait l'objet de nombreuses discussions depuis une trentaine d'années car, bien qu'attribués au Middle Stone Age (MSA) de l'Afrique australe, ces techno-complexes présentent des affinités avec ceux du Later Stone Age (LSA) et sont associés à des vestiges qui reflètent des comportements modernes. L'objectif de cet article est de faire le bilan des données chronologiques disponibles et de les discuter. La première partie résume le résultat d’études pluridisciplinaires (géologie, paléontologie, isotopes stables…) réalisées dans les sites de Border Cave et de Klasies River Mouth. Ces études situent l'Howieson's Poort au sein du dernier cycle glaciaire. La seconde partie dresse le bilan des datations radiométriques ou biochimiques réalisées depuis les années 90 sur des vestiges associés à ces deux techno-complexes. Puis elle présente les âges moyens obtenus récemment par la méthode de la thermoluminescence appliquée aux pierres chauffées du niveau Howieson's Poort de Klasies River Mouth (56 ± 3 Ka) et du niveau Still Bay de Blombos Cave (74 ± 5 Ka).

Introduction

The Howieson's Poort and Still Bay techno-complexes include certain characteristics usually attributed to Late Stone Age: the backed geometric tools of Howieson's Poort are reminiscent of Wilton and the bifacial foliate points of Still Bay have been compared to those of the Solutrean (Fig. 1).

Type
Chapter
Information
From Tools to Symbols
From Early Hominids to Modern Humans
, pp. 493 - 511
Publisher: Wits University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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