Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T23:01:53.181Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Empathy-Related Responding and Its Relations to Positive Development

from IV - Fellow Feeling and the Development of Prosociality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 December 2017

Neil Roughley
Affiliation:
Universität Duisburg–Essen
Thomas Schramme
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Forms of Fellow Feeling
Empathy, Sympathy, Concern and Moral Agency
, pp. 165 - 183
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Batson, C. D. 1991. The Altruism Question. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum & Assoc.Google Scholar
Blair, R. J. R. 1999. Responsiveness to Distress Cues in the Child with Psychopathic Tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 135–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, L. A. 1980. Friendship, Altruism and Morality. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Carlo, G.; Mestre, M. V.; McGinley, M. M.; Samper, P.; Tur, A. and Sandman, D. 2012. The Interplay of Emotional Instability, Empathy, and Coping on Prosocial and Aggressive Behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 675–80. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.022Google Scholar
Davidov, M. and Grusec, J. E. 2006. Untangling the Links of Parental Responsiveness to Distress and Warmth to Child Outcomes. Child Development, 77 (1), 44–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N. 1986. Altruistic Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior. Hillsdale, N.J: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N. and Fabes, R. A. 1990. Empathy: Conceptualization, Assessment, and Relation to Prosocial Behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 14 , 131–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, N. and Lennon, R. 1983. Sex Differences in Empathy and Related Capacities. Psychological Bulletin, 94 (1), 100. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, N. and Miller, P. 1987. The Relation of Empathy to Prosocial and Related Behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101 , 91119. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.91CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N. and Okun, M. A. 1996. The Relations of Dispositional Regulation and Emotionality to Elders’ Empathy-Related Responding and Affect while Volunteering. Journal of Personality, 64, 157–83. doi:10.1111/j.1467–6494.1996.tb00818.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N. and Spinrad, T. L. 2004. Emotion-Related Regulation: Sharpening the Definition. Child Development, 75 , 334–9. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00674.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Cameron, E.; Tryon, K. and Dodez, R. 1981. Socialization of Prosocial Behavior in the Preschool Classroom. Developmental Psychology, 17, 773–82. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.17.6.773Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Carlo, G.; Murphy, B. and Van Court, P. 1995. Prosocial Development in Late Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 66, 1179–97. doi:10.2307/1131806Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Cumberland, A. and Spinrad, T. L. 1998. Parental Socialization of Emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–73. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Bustamante, D.; Mathy, R. M.; Miller, P. and Lindholm, E. 1988. Differentiation of VicariouslyInduced Emotional Reactions in Children. Developmental Psychology, 24, 237–46. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.2.237Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R A.; Carlo, G., et al. 1992. The Relations of Maternal Practices and Characteristics to Children’s Vicarious Emotional Responsiveness. Child Development, 63, 583602. doi:10.2307/1131348Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Miller, P. A., et al. 1989. The Relations of Sympathy and Personal Distress to Prosocial Behavior: A Multimethod Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 5566. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.1.55CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Miller, P. A.; Shell, C.; Shea, R. and May-Plumlee, T. 1990. Preschoolers’ Vicarious Emotional Responding and Their Situational and Dispositional Prosocial Behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 36, 507–29.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A. and Murphy, B. C. 1996. Parents’ Reactions to Children’s Negative Emotions: Relations to Children’s Social Competence and Comforting Behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227–47. doi:10.2307/1131620CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Murphy, B. et al. 1994. The Relations of Emotionality and Regulation to Dispositional and Situational Empathy-Related Responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 776–97. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.776CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Murphy, B.; Karbon, M.; Smith, M. and Maszk, P. 1996. The Relations of Children’s Dispositional Empathy-Related Responding to Their Emotionality, Regulation, and Social Functioning. Developmental Psychology, 32, 195209. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.2.195Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Schaller, M.; Carlo, G. and Miller, P. A. 1991a. The Relations of Parental Characteristics and Practices to Children’s Vicarious Emotional Responding. Child Development, 62, 13931408. doi:10.2307/1130814CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Schaller, M.; et al. 1991b. Personality and Socialization Correlates of Vicarious Emotional Responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 459–70. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.459CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Shepard, S. A.; Murphy, B. C.; Jones, J. and Guthrie, I. K. 1998. Contemporaneous and Longitudinal Prediction of Children’s Sympathy from Dispositional Regulation and Emotionality. Developmental Psychology, 34, 910–24. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.910Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A. and Spinrad, T. L. 2006. Prosocial Behavior. In: Eisenberg, N. (vol. ed.) and Damon, W. and Lerner, R. M. (series eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, 6th edn. New York: Wiley, vol. III: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development, 646718.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Guthrie, I. K.; Cumberland, A. et al. 2002. Prosocial Development in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 9931066. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.993CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Guthrie, I. K.; Murphy, B. C.; Shepard, S. A.; Cumberland, A. and Carlo, G. 1999. Consistency and Development of Prosocial Dispositions: A Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 70, 1360–72. doi:10.1111/1467–8624.00100Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Hofer, C.; Sulik, M. J. and Liew, J. 2014. The Development of Prosocial Moral Reasoning and a Prosocial Orientation in Young Adulthood: Concurrent and Longitudinal Correlates. Developmental Psychology, 50, 5870. doi: 10.1037/a0032990Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Liew, J. and Pidada, S. 2001. The Relations of Parental Emotional Expressivity with the Quality of Indonesian Children’s Social Functioning. Emotion, 1 , 116–36. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.2.116Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Liew, J. and Pidada, S. 2004. The Longitudinal Relations of Regulation and Emotionality to Quality of Indonesian Children’s Socioemotional Functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40 , 790804. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.790CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; McCreath, H. and Ahn, R. 1988. Vicarious Emotional Responsiveness and Prosocial Behavior: Their Interrelations in Young Children. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14 , 298311. doi:10.1177/0146167288142008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N.; Michalik, N.; Spinrad, T. L. et al. 2007. Relations of Effortful Control and Impulsivity to Children’s Sympathy: A Longitudinal Study. Cognitive Development, 22, 544–67. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.003Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Miller, P. A.; Shell, R.; McNalley, S. and Shea, C. 1991. Prosocial Development in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Developmental Psychology, 27, 849–57. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.5.849CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Schaller, M.; Fabes, R. A. et al. 1988. The Differentiation of Personal Distress and Sympathy in Children and Adults. Developmental Psychology, 24, 766–75. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.6.766CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Shea, C. L.; Carlo, G. and Knight, G. 1991. Empathy-Related Responding and Cognition: A ‘Chicken and the Egg’ Dilemma. In: Kurtines, W. and Gewirtz, J. (eds.), Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, vol. II: Research, 6388.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Spinrad, T. L. and Knafo-Noam, A. 2015. Prosocial Development. In: Lamb, M. (ed.) and Lerner, R. M. (vol. ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 7th edn. New York: Wiley, vol. III: Socioemotional Processes, 610–56.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; VanSchyndel, S. K. and Hofer, C. 2015. The Association of Maternal Socialization in Childhood and Adolescence with Adult Offspring’s Sympathy/Caring. Developmental Psychology, 51, 7–16. doi:10.1037/a0038137Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; VanSchyndel, S. K. and Spinrad, T. L. 2016. Prosocial Motivation: Inferences from an Opaque Body of Work. Child Development, 87(6), 1668–78. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12638Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N.; Zhou, Q. and Koller, S. 2001. Brazilian Adolescents’ Prosocial Moral Judgment and Behavior: Relations to Sympathy, Perspective Taking, Gender-Role Orientation, and Demographic Characteristics. Child Development, 72, 518–34. doi:10.1111/1467–8624.00294CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg-Berg, N. and Hand, M. 1979. The Relationship of Preschoolers’ Reasoning about Prosocial Moral Conflicts to Prosocial Behavior. Child Development, 50, 356–63. doi:10.2307/1129410Google Scholar
Fabes, R. A.; Eisenberg, N.; Karbon, M.; Bernzweig, J.; Speer, A. L. and Carlo, G. 1994a. Socialization of Children’s Vicarious Emotional Responding and Prosocial Behavior: Relations with Mothers’ Perceptions of Children’s Emotional Reactivity. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4455. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabes, R. A.; Eisenberg, N.; Karbon, M.; Troyer, D. and Switzer, G. 1994b. The Relations of Children’s Emotion Regulation to Their Vicarious Emotional Responses and Comforting Behavior. Child Development, 65, 1678–93. doi:10.2307/1131287CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, R. 2007. Mother–Infant Synchrony and the Development of Moral Orientation in Childhood and Adolescence: Direct and Indirect Mechanisms of Developmental Continuity. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 582–97. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.77.4.582Google Scholar
Feshbach, N. D. 1982. Sex Differences in Empathy and Social Behavior in Children. In: Eisenberg, N. (ed.), The Development of Prosocial Behavior. New York: Academic Press, 315–38.Google Scholar
Feshbach, N. D. and Feshbach, S. 1969. The Relationship between Empathy and Aggression in Two Age Groups. Developmental Psychology, 1, 102–7. doi:10.1037/h0027016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frick, P.J. 1998. Conduct Disorders and Severe Antisocial Behavior. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M. L. 1987. The Contribution of Empathy to Justice and Moral Judgment. In: Eisenberg, N. and Strayer, J. (eds.), Empathy and Its Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 4780.Google Scholar
Hume, D. 1777. Enquiries Concerning the Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd edn, 1966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolliffe, D. and Farrington, D. P. 2011. Is Low Empathy Related to Bullying after Controlling for Individual and Social Background Variables? Journal of Adolescence, 34, 5971. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.001Google Scholar
Knafo, A.; Zahn-Waxler, C.; Van Hulle, C.; Robinson, J. L. and Rhee, S. H. 2008. The Developmental Origins of a Disposition toward Empathy: Genetic and Environmental Contributions. Emotion, 8, 737–52. doi:10.1037/a0014179CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohlberg, L. 1981. The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice. San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Lennon, R.; Eisenberg, N. and Carroll, J. 1983. The Assessment of Empathy in Early Childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 4, 295302. doi:10.1016/0193-3973(83)90024-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malti, T.; Eisenberg, N.; Kim, H. and Buchmann, M. 2013. Developmental Trajectories of Sympathy, Moral Emotion Attributions, and Moral Reasoning: The Role of Parental Support. Social Development, 22, 773–93. doi: 10.1111/sode.12031Google Scholar
Mehrabian, A. and Epstein, N. 1972. A Measure of Emotional Empathy. Journal of Personality, 40, 525.Google Scholar
Miller, P. A. and Eisenberg, N. 1988. The Relation of Empathy to Aggressive and Externalizing/Antisocial Behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 324–44. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.324Google Scholar
Murphy, B. C.; Shepard, S. A.; Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A. and Guthrie, I. K. 1999. Contemporaneous and Longitudinal Relations of Dispositional Sympathy to Emotionality, Regulation, and Social Functioning. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 6697. doi:10.1177/0272431699019001004Google Scholar
Okun, M. A.; Shepard, S. A. and Eisenberg, N. 2000. The Relations of Emotionality and Regulation to Dispositional Empathy-Related Responding among Volunteers-in-Training. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 367–82. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00107-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padilla-Walker, L. M.; Carlo, G.; Christensen, K. J. and Yorgason, J. B. 2012. Bidirectional Relations between Authoritative Parenting and Adolescents’ Prosocial Behaviors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22, 400–8. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00807.xGoogle Scholar
Rothbart, M. K. and Bates, J. E. 2006. Temperament. In: Damon, W. and Lerner, R. M. (eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, 6th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, vol. III: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development, 99166.Google Scholar
Spinrad, T. L.; Losoya, S.; Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Shepard, S. A.; Cumberland, A.; Guthrie, I. K. and Murphy, B. C. 1999. The Relation of Parental Affect and Encouragement to Children’s Moral Emotions and Behaviour. Journal of Moral Education, 28, 323–37. doi:10.1080/030572499103115Google Scholar
Taylor, Z. E.; Eisenberg, N. and Spinrad, T. L. 2015. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, Effortful Control, and Parenting as Predictors of Children’s Sympathy across Early Childhood. Developmental Psychology, 61, 1725. doi: 10.1037/a0038189CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Z. E.; Eisenberg, N.; Spinrad, T. L.; Eggum, N. D. and Sulik, M. J. 2013. The Relations of Ego-Resiliency and Emotion Socialization to the Development of Empathy and Prosocial Behavior across Early Childhood. Emotion, 13, 822–31. doi 10.1037/a0032894.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G.; Friedlmeier, W. and Mayer, B. 2007. Sympathy, Distress, and Prosocial Behavior of Preschool Children in Four Cultures. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 284–93. doi:10.1177/0165025407076441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Underwood, B. and Moore, B. 1982. Perspective-Taking and Altruism. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 143–73. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.91.1.143Google Scholar
Vaish, A.; Carpenter, M. and Tomasello, M. 2009. Sympathy through Affective Perspective Taking and Its Relation to Prosocial Behavior in Toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 45, 534–43. doi:10.1037/a0014322CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valiente, C.; Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Shepard, S. A.; Cumberland, A. and Losoya, S. H. 2004. Prediction of Children’s Empathy-Related Responding from Their Effortful Control and Parents’ Expressivity. Developmental Psychology, 40, 911–26. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.911CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahn-Waxler, C.; Robinson, J. L. and Emde, R. N. 1992. The Development of Empathy in Twins. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1038–47. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Q.; Eisenberg, N.; Losoya, S. H. et al. 2002. The Relations of Parental Warmth and Positive Expressiveness to Children’s Empathy-Related Responding and Social Functioning: A Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 73, 893915. doi:10.1111/1467–8624.00446CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×