When people are unwell or experience some kind of distress, they usually search for an explanation for their condition, its cause and what might help their recovery. In addition to searching for physical explanations and treatments, they might focus more deeply on the meaning of what is happening in their lives as a whole.

Spirituality v. religion

Many people do not have a specific religion, but still refer to spiritual needs and resources, particularly at difficult times. For instance, they might say, ‘I'm not a religious person, but I do think of myself as spiritual’. Spirituality and religion are integrally related, but there are important distinctions to be made.

Spirituality is concerned with the search for ultimate meaning, truth and orientation in life. There are many dimensions, and many individual expressions, of spirituality. Religion in its many forms – worship, ritual, prayer, social groupings and so on – is a more ‘corporate’ concept. Spirituality often expresses itself through religion, but it tends to be a more personal concept, concerned with meanings and essential values. It is often important to be able to see beyond what seems to be a ‘religious’ problem to discover the meanings that individuals attribute to their lives and challenges. Sonia's story is a good example of this, where the increasingly obsessive religious behaviour is secondary to (and could indicate) underlying spiritual/existential concerns.