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8 - Habitable planets around the Sun and other stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

James F. Kasting
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
Hans Deeg
Affiliation:
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife
Juan Antonio Belmonte
Affiliation:
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife
Antonio Aparicio
Affiliation:
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife
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Summary

This chapter gives an overview about planetary habitability, which is based on the assumption that a habitable planet is one that supports liquid water on at least part of its surface. The factors that have kept Earth habitable throughout most of its life are reviewed, as well as those that made present-day Mars and Venus uninhabitable. These serve also as indicators for the expected width of the habitable zone around solar-like stars. The last two sections cover the causes for low abiotic O2 abundances expected in Earth's early atmosphere, and the (biological) origin of the current high concentrations of O2 and O3. Implications for the detectability of biological activity on extrasolar planets are discussed.

Introduction

In this chapter, I have tried to present an overview of the topic of planetary habitability. This topic can be broken down into three related questions: (1) what are the factors that have kept the Earth habitable throughout most of its lifetime? (2) what has caused our neighbouring planets, Mars and Venus, to be uninhabitable? and (3) what are the chances that habitable planets exist around other main sequence stars, and how might we tell if they are inhabited? I will briefly address each question, recognizing that it will be impossible to do justice to any of them in the space of one short chapter. References to the relevant literature are provided, and this should allow the interested reader to pursue these topics further.

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Extrasolar Planets , pp. 217 - 244
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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