Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T01:17:26.962Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Seeing RED

A Novel Solution to a Familiar Categorical Data Problem

from Part II - (Re)Discovery of Evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2019

Cathy Willermet
Affiliation:
Central Michigan University
Sang-Hee Lee
Affiliation:
University of California, Riverside
Get access

Summary

Biological anthropologists interested in population interactions compare biological relationships among living populations, among past populations, and between living and past populations. To do this, we utilize datasets that can be compared equivalently across space and time. One such source of data comes from dental morphological traits, nonmetric characteristics observable on the crown surfaces of teeth. Tooth morphology is largely under genetic control and less affected by environmental factors than many other tissue systems (Hillson 1996; Larsen and Kelley 1991; Scott et al. 2018), and therefore presents an effective dataset with which to trace intrapopulation variation, interpopulation relationships, and microevolution.

Type
Chapter
Information
Evaluating Evidence in Biological Anthropology
The Strange and the Familiar
, pp. 146 - 173
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altman, DG and Bland, JM (2007) Missing data. British Medical Journal 334(7590):424.Google Scholar
Barbiero, A and Ferrari, PA (2014) Simulating correlated ordinal and discrete variables with assigned marginal distributions. In Melas, VB, Mignani, S, Monari, P, and Salmaso, L, editors. Topics in Statistical Simulation. Springer Science & Business Media. Pp. 3746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnard, J and Meng, XL (1999) Applications of multiple imputation in medical studies: from AIDS to NHANES. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 8(1):1736.Google Scholar
Bedrick, EJ, Lapidus, J, and Powell, JF (2000) Estimating the Mahalanobis distance from mixed continuous and discrete data. Biometrics 56(2):394401.Google Scholar
Berdan, FF (2008) Concepts of ethnicity and class in Aztec-period Mexico. In Berdan, FF, Chance, JK, Sandstrom, AR, et al., editors. Ethnic Identity in Nahua Mesoamerica: The View from Archaeology, Art History, Ethnohistory, and Contemporary Ethnography. The University of Utah Press. Pp. 105132.Google Scholar
Berry, AC and Berry, RJ (1972) Origins and relationships of the ancient Egyptians: based on a study of non-metrical variations in the skull. Journal of Human Evolution 1(2):199208.Google Scholar
Berry, RJ (1968) The biology of non-metrical variation in mice and men. In Brothwell, DR, editor. Skeletal Biology of Earlier Human Populations. Pergamon Press. Pp. 103133.Google Scholar
Buikstra, JE and Ubelaker, DS, editors (1994) Standards for Data Collection From Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey.Google Scholar
Bulbeck, D (2013) Craniodental affinities of Southeast Asia’s “Negritos” and the concordance with their genetic affinities. Human Biology 85(1–3):95133.Google ScholarPubMed
Burton, A, Altman, DG, Royston, P, and Holder, RL (2006) The design of simulation studies in medical statistics. Statistics in Medicine 25:42794292.Google Scholar
Cowgill, GL (2003) Teotihuacan and early Classic interaction: a perspective from outside the Maya region. In Braswell, GE, editor. The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction. University of Texas Press. Pp. 315335.Google Scholar
Cucina, A (2015) Population dynamics during the Classic and Postclassic Maya in the northern Maya lowlands: the analysis of dental morphological traits. In Cucina, A, editor. Archaeology and Bioarchaeology of Population Movement among the Prehispanic Maya. Springer. Pp. 7183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, N (1987) The Toltecs: Until the Fall of Tula. University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
de Souza, P and Houghton, P (1977) The mean measure of divergence and the use of non-metric data in the estimation of biological distances. Journal of Archaeological Science 4(2):163169.Google Scholar
Edgar, HJH (2002) Biological Distance and the African American Dentition (PhD dissertation). The Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Edgar, HJH (2004) Dentitions, distance, and difficulty: a comparison of two statistical techniques for dental morphological data. Dental Anthropology Journal 17(2):5562.Google Scholar
Edgar, HJH (2013) Estimation of ancestry using dental morphological characteristics. Journal of Forensic Sciences 58(s1):s3s8.Google Scholar
Edgar, HJH (2017) Dental Morphology for Anthropology: An Illustrated Manual. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falconer, DS (1960) Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. The Ronald Press Company.Google Scholar
Falconer, DS (1981) Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, 2nd edition. Longman.Google Scholar
Finch, H and French, B (2013) A Monte Carlo comparison of robust MANOVA test statistics. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 12(2):3581.Google Scholar
Goose, DH and Lee, GTR (1971) The mode of inheritance of Carabelli’s trait. Human Biology 43(1):6469.Google Scholar
Haeussler, AM and Turner, CG II (1992) The dentition of Soviet central Asians and the quest for New World ancestors. Culture, Ecology, and Dental Anthropology, Journal of Human Ecology (Special Issue) 2:273297.Google Scholar
Haeussler, AM, Irish, JD, Morris, DH, and Turner, CG II (1989) Morphological and metrical comparison of San and central Sotho dentition from southern Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78(1):115122.Google Scholar
Hammer, Ø, Harper, DAT, and Ryan, PD (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica 4(1):9. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.Google Scholar
Hanihara, K (1967) Racial characteristics in the dentition. Journal of Dental Research 46(5):923926.Google Scholar
Harris, EF (1977) Anthropologic and Genetic Aspects of the Dental Morphology of Solomon Islanders, Melanesia (PhD dissertation). Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Harris, EF (2008) Statistical applications in dental anthropology. In Irish, JD and Nelson, GC, editors. Technique and Application in Dental Anthropology. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 3567.Google Scholar
Harris, EF and Sjøvold, T (2004) Calculation of Smith’s mean measure of divergence for intergroup comparisons using nonmetric data. Dental Anthropology Journal 17(3):8396.Google Scholar
Haydenblit, R (1996) Dental variation among four prehispanic Mexican populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 100(2):225246.Google Scholar
Hettmansperger, TP and McKean, JW (2011) Robust Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 2nd edition. Chapman-Hall.Google Scholar
Hicks, F (2008) Mexica political history. In Brumfiel, EM and Feinman, GM, editors. The Aztec World. Abrams Press. Pp. 521.Google Scholar
Hillson, S (1996) Dental Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hocking, R (1985) The Analysis of Linear Models. Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Hubbard, AR, Guatelli-Steinberg, D, and Irish, JD (2015) Do nuclear DNA and dental nonmetric data produce similar reconstructions of regional population history? An example from modern coastal Kenya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 157(2):295304.Google Scholar
Irish, JD (1993) Biological Affinities of Late Pleistocene Through Modern African Aboriginal Populations: The Dental Evidence. PhD dissertation. Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Irish, JD (2010) The mean measure of divergence: its utility in model-free and model-bound analyses relative to the Mahalanobis D2 distance for nonmetric traits. American Journal of Human Biology 22(3):378395.Google Scholar
Irish, JD and Konigsberg, L (2007) The ancient inhabitants of Jebel Moya redux: measures of population affinity based on dental morphology. International Journal of Osteoarcheology 17(2):138156.Google Scholar
Irish, JD and Turner, CG II (1990) West African dental affinity of late Pleistocene Nubians: peopling of the Eurafrican–South Asian triangle II. HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology 41(1):4253.Google Scholar
Irish, JD, Black, W, Sealy, J, and Rogers Ackermann, R (2014) Questions of Khoesan continuity: dental affinities among the indigenous Holocene peoples of South Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 155(1):3344.Google Scholar
Jernvall, J and Jung, H-S (2000) Genotype, phenotype, and developmental biology of molar tooth characters. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 43:171190.Google Scholar
Jones, L (1997) Conquests of the imagination: Maya–Mexican polarity and the story of Chichén Itzá. American Anthropologist 99(2):275290.Google Scholar
Khamis, MF, Taylor, JA, Samsudin, AR, and Townsend, GC (2006) Variation in dental crown morphology in Malaysian populations. Dental Anthropology Journal 19(2):4960.Google Scholar
Kimura, R, Yamaguchi, T, Takeda, M, et al. (2009) A common variation in EDAR is a genetic determinant of shovel-shaped incisors. American Journal of Human Genetics 85(4):528535.Google Scholar
Kloke, J and McKean, J (2014) Nonparametric Statistical Methods using R. Chapman-Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kloke, J and McKean, J (2015) Rfit: rank estimation for linear models. The R Journal 4:10.32614/RJ-2012-014.Google Scholar
Kloke, J and McKean, J (2016) Working manual for Mvrfit. http://people.cst.cmich.edu/danie1je.Google Scholar
Konigsberg, LW (1990) Analysis of prehistoric biological variation under a model of isolation by geographic and temporal distance. Human Biology 62(1):4970.Google Scholar
Larsen, CS and Kelley, MA (1991) Introduction. In Kelley, MA and Larsen, CS, editors. Advances in Dental Anthropology. Wiley-Liss. Pp. 17.Google Scholar
Lauer, A (2015) Biological Relationships Across the Taiwan Strait: Evidence from Skulls and Teeth (PhD dissertation). University of Hawai’i.Google Scholar
Little, RJA and Rubin, DB (1987) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. Wiley.Google Scholar
Lukacs, JR and Kuswandari, S (2013) Crown morphology of Malay deciduous teeth: trait frequencies and biological affinities. In Scott, GR and Irish, JD, editors. Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Genetics, Evolution, Variation. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 453478.Google Scholar
Mayhall, JT (1999) Dichotomy in human dental morphology: a plea for complexity. In Mayhall, JT and Heikkenen, T, editors. Dental Morphology 98. Oulu University Press. Pp. 4347.Google Scholar
McIlvaine, BK, Schepartz, LA, Larsen, CS, and Sciulli, PW (2014) Evidence for long-term migration on the Balkan Peninsula using dental and cranial nonmetric data: early interaction between Corinth (Greece) and its colony at Apollonia (Albania). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 153(2):236248.Google Scholar
Mielke, JH, Konigsberg, LW, and Relethford, JH, editors (2006) Human Biological Variation. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nichol, CR (1989) Complex segregation analysis of dental morphological variants. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78(1):3759.Google Scholar
Nichol, CR and Turner, CG II (1986) Intra- and inter-observer concordance in classifying dental morphology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 69(3):299315.Google Scholar
Nikita, E (2015) A critical review of the mean measure of divergence and Mahalanobis distances using artificial data and new approaches to the estimations of biodistances employing nonmetric traits. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 157(2):284294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ossenberg, NS (1970) The influence of artificial cranial deformation on discontinuous morphological traits. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 33(3):357371.Google Scholar
Palomino, H, Chakraborty, R, and Rothhammer, F (1977) Dental morphology and population diversity. Human Biology 49(1):6170.Google Scholar
Passalacqua, KZ (2015) An Investigation of Late Woodland and Mississippian Biological Relationships Using Odontometric and Dental Non-Metric Trait Analyses (PhD dissertation). Indiana University.Google Scholar
Paul, K and Stojanowski, CM (2017). Comparative performance of deciduous and permanent dental morphology in detecting biological relatives. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 164(1):97116.Google Scholar
Ragsdale, CS (2015) Cultural Interaction and Biological Distance among Postclassic Mexican Populations (PhD dissertation). University of New Mexico.Google Scholar
Ragsdale, CS and Edgar, HJH (2018) Population continuity and replacement in the pre-contact valley of Mexico. In Willermet, C and Cucina, A, editors. Bioarchaeology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica: An Interdisciplinary Approach. University Press of Florida. Pp. 3969.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2015) A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Santos, F (2014) Package “AnthropMMD”: a GUI for mean measures of divergence. http://cran.r-project.org.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (2009) SAS® 9.2 software. http://support.sas.com/software/92.Google Scholar
Schroeder, S (2010) The Mexico that Spain encountered. In Beezley, WH and Meyer, MC, editors. The Oxford History of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Pp. 4572.Google Scholar
Sciulli, PW (1990) Deciduous dentition of a Late Archaic population of Ohio. Human Biology 62(2):221245.Google Scholar
Scott, GR (2008) Dental morphology. In Katzenberg, MA and Saunders, SR, editors. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, 2nd edition. Wiley. Pp. 265298.Google Scholar
Scott, GR and Turner, CG II (1988) Dental anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 17:99126.Google Scholar
Scott, GR and Turner, CG II (1997) The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, GR, Anta, A, Schomberg, R, and de la Rúa, C (2013) Basque dental morphology and the “Eurodont” dental pattern. In Scott, GR and Irish, JD, editors. Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Genetics, Evolution, Variation. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 296318.Google Scholar
Scott, GR, Turner, CG II, Townsend Grant, C, and Martinón-Torres, M (2018) The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and Its Variation in Recent and Fossil Homo sapiens, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sjøvold, T (1977) Non-metrical divergence between skeletal populations. Ossa 4(1):1133.Google Scholar
Sofaer, JA (1969) Aspects of tabby-crinkled-downless syndrome: I. The development of tabby teeth. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 22(2):181205.Google Scholar
Sofaer, JA (1970) Dental morphological variation and the Hardy–Weinberg law. Journal of Dental Research 49(6):15051508.Google Scholar
Sofaer, JA, Niswander, JD, MacLean, CJ, and Workman, PL (1972) Population studies on Southwestern Indian tribes: V. Tooth morphology as an indicator of biological distance. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 37(3):357366.Google Scholar
Sokal, R and Michener, C (1958) A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. University of Kansas Scientific Bulletin 38(2):14091438.Google Scholar
Sołtysiak, A (2011) Technical note: an R script for Smith’s mean measure of divergence. Bioarchaeology of the Near East 5:4144.Google Scholar
Stark, BL and Arnold, PJ III (1997) Introduction to the archaeology of the Gulf lowlands. In Stark, BL and Arnold, PJ III, editors. Olmec to Aztec: Settlement Patterns in the Ancient Gulf Lowlands. The University of Arizona Press. Pp. 332.Google Scholar
Stojanowski, CM and Johnson, KM (2015) Observer error, dental wear, and the inference of New World Sundadonty. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 156(3):349362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stojanowski, CM, Paul, KS, Seidel, AC, Duncan, WN, and Guatelli-Steinberg, D (2017) Heritability and genetic integration of tooth size in the South Carolina Gullah. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 164(3):505521.Google Scholar
Stojanowski, CM, Paul, KS, Seidel, AC, Duncan, WN, and Guatelli-Steinberg, D (2018) Heritability and genetic integration of anterior tooth crown variants in the South Carolina Gullah. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 167(1):124143.Google Scholar
Sutter, RC (2006) The test of competing models for the prehistoric peopling of the Azapa Valley, northern Chile, using matrix correlations. Chungara: Revista de Antropologia Chilena 38(1):6382.Google Scholar
Sutter, RC and Sharratt, N (2010) Continuity and transformation during the terminal Middle Horizon (AD 950–1150): a bioarchaeological assessment of Tumilaca origins within the middle Moquegua Valley, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 21(1):6786.Google Scholar
Taylor, M and Creel, D (2012) Biological relationships between foragers and farmers of south-central North America: nonmetric dental traits. American Antiquity 77(1):99114.Google Scholar
Thesleff, I (2006) The genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. American Journal of Medical Genetics 140A(23):25302535.Google Scholar
Thompson, AR, Hedman, KM, and Slater, PA (2015) New dental and isotope evidence of biological distance and place of origin for mass burial groups at Cahokia’s mound 72. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 158(2):341357.Google Scholar
Townsend, GC, Bockmann, M, Hughes, T, and Brook, A (2012) Genetic, environmental and epigenetic influences on variation in human tooth number, size and shape. Odontology 100(1):19.Google Scholar
Turner, CG II (1984) Advances in the dental search for Native American origins. Acta Anthropogenetica 8(1–2):2378.Google Scholar
Turner, CG II (1987) Late Pleistocene and Holocene population history of East Asia based on dental variation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 73(3):305322.Google Scholar
Turner, CG II, Nichol, CR, and Scott, GR (1991) Scoring procedures for key morphological traits of the permanent dentition: the Arizona State University dental anthropology system. In Kelley, M and Larsen, CS, editors. Advances in Dental Anthropology. Wiley-Liss. Pp. 1331.Google Scholar
Ware, JH, Harrington, D, Hunter, DJ, and D’Agostino, RB (2012) Missing data. New England Journal of Medicine 367(14):13531354.Google Scholar
Wilcoxon, F (1945) Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics Bulletin 1(6):8083.Google Scholar
Willermet, CM and Edgar, HJH (2009) Dental morphology and ancestry in Albuquerque, New Mexico Hispanics. HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology 60(3):207224.Google Scholar
Willermet, CM, Edgar, HJH, Ragsdale, C, and Aubry, BS (2013) Biodistances among Mexica, Maya, Toltec, and Totonac groups of central and coastal Mexico. Chungara: Revista de Antropología Chilena 45(3):447459.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×