This chapter focuses on the evolution of primary and secondary education during the Venizelos era. For the greater part of the period under review, vocational education was essentially non-existent as a structural part of the system. As for the tertiary level, the Venizelos governments attempted two major legislative interventions: one at the very beginning (1911) of the period and another at the very end (1932). The main axis of both was the power relations between the government and the professorial establishment (in July 1931 a law had been passed which established the post of a government delegate in universities). During the years that intervened, many related matters were discussed, dominant among them being those concerning the living, schooling and study conditions of students. However, all this did not directly affect (nor did it lead to different interpretations of) the factors which, on other levels, shaped and expressed educational policy in each period. Important to future developments and to the linking of the system to goals of national prestige and economic development were the founding of the University of Thessaloniki (1925-6), the granting of university status to the Polytechnic School (1929) and to the School of Fine Arts (1930), as well as the earlier (1920) founding of two post-secondary institutions (the Agronomy School and the Commercial School) which later evolved into universities.