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Chapter 24 - Sexually Transmitted Infection and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

from Section 4 - Contraception and STIs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2021

By
Durba Raha
Edited by
Tahir Mahmood ,
Charles Savona-Ventura ,
Ioannis Messinis  and
Sambit Mukhopadhyay
Tahir Mahmood
Affiliation:
Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy
Charles Savona-Ventura
Affiliation:
University of Malta, Malta
Ioannis Messinis
Affiliation:
University of Thessaly, Greece
Sambit Mukhopadhyay
Affiliation:
Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, UK
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Summary

This chapter discusses the STIs chlamydia, gonorrhoea, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), genital warts, herpes, Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). HIV and syphilis are not covered. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, TV, herpes and MG are diagnosed by PCR or NAAT testing. Warts and PID are predominantly diagnosed clinically. Management of all STIs involves discussion of information, both verbal and written, and advice on prevention by use of condoms and contact testing. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, TV, MG and PID are managed by use of antibiotic regimens, which are described. Test of cure (TOC) is recommended for certain STIs (i.e. Gonorrhoea and MG) due to risk of antibiotic resistance. Treatment options during pregnancy and breastfeeding are discussed. Complications of the STIs where relevant are discussed.

Keywords

sexually transmitted infectionpelvic inflammatory diseaseSTIPIDTrichomonas vaginalisChlamydiagonorrhoeamycoplasma
Type
Chapter
Information
The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Gynaecology
 , pp. 186 - 202
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

Lanjouw, E, Ouburg, S, de Vries, HJ, et al. European guideline on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Int J STD AIDS 2016;27:333–348Google Scholar
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chlamydia infection. In: ECDC: Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016. Stockholm: ECDC, 2018.Google Scholar
Nwokolo, NC, Dragovic, B, Patel, S, et al. 2015 UK national guideline for the management of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Int J STD AIDS 2016;27:251–267.Google Scholar
Fifer, H, Saunders, J, Soni, S, et al. BASHH national guideline for the management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 2019. Available at: www.bashhguidelines.org/media/1208/gc-2019.pdf.Google Scholar
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea infection. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016. Stockholm: ECDC, 2018.Google Scholar
Soni, S, Horner, P, Rayment, M, et al. BASHH guideline for management of Mycoplasma genitalium. 2018. Available at: www.bashhguidelines.org/media/1198/mg-2018.pdf.Google Scholar
Sherrard, J, Ison, C, Moody, J, et al. United Kingdom national guideline on the management of Trichomonas vaginalis. Int J STD AIDS 2014;25:541.Google Scholar
Gilson, R, Nathan, M, Sonnex, C, et al. UK national guidelines on the management of anogenital warts. 2015. Available at: www.bashhguidelines.org/media/1075/uk-national-guideline-on-warts-2015-final.pdf.Google Scholar
Patel, R, Kennedy, OJ, Clarke, E, et al. European guidelines for the management of herpes. Int J STD AIDS 2017;28:1366–1379.Google Scholar
Foley, E, Clarke, E, Beckett, VA, et al. Management of genital herpes in pregnancy RCOG and BASHH. 2014. Available at: www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/genital-herpes.Google Scholar
Ross, J, Guaschino, S, Cusini, M, Jensen, J. European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J STD AIDS 2017;29:108–114.Google Scholar

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