Foreword: Fooling All of the People All of the Time: Democracy in the Age of Fake News

pp v-xii

Introduction: ‘They All Hear “Ping” at the Same Time’

pp xiii-xxxvi

Contents

pp xxxvii-xliv

List of Abbreviations

pp xlv-xlviii

List of Contributors

pp xlix-liii

PART I - THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO AND THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF DISINFORMATION

pp 1-2

1 - Should We be Afraid of Fake News?

pp 3-10

2 - From Misinformation to Modern Lügenpresse: The Redefinition of Fake News

pp 11-30

3 - Information and Disinformation and the Transformation of Modern Democracy: From Media Bias through the ‘Echo Chamber’ and the ‘Filter Bubble’ to Fake News

pp 31-46

4 - (Dis)Information, Neoliberalism and the Strength of Democracy in the Digital Age

pp 47-80

5 - Democracy and the Pre-Conditions of Communication

pp 81-102

6 - Post-Truth Discourses and their Limits: A Democratic Crisis?

pp 103-126

7 - Elite Theory, Media Regulation and ‘Fake News’

pp 127-148

PART II - EXPERIENCE OF DEALING WITH DISINFORMATION

pp 149-150

8 - True Story! Challenges to Democracy not Covered by the Media: Lessons from the (Non-)Coverage of the Greek Financial Crisis

pp 151-160

9 - The Scourge of Fake News in Greece

pp 161-178

10 - Digital Disinformation in a Deeply Divided Society: Reflections from Northern Ireland

pp 179-200

11 - Disinformation and Fear Propaganda as Justification for the War on Terror During George W. Bush’s Presidency

pp 201-216

12 - Performance Analysis of Fact-Checking Organisations and Initiatives in Europe: A Critical Overview of Online Platforms Fighting Fake News

pp 217-246

PART III - SOLUTIONS TO DEAL WITH DISINFORMATION AND THEIR CRITIQUE

pp 247-248

13 - Disinformation and Fake News in Current Jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court: An Unsolved Problem

pp 249-268

14 - Fake News and Freedom of Expression and Information: The Legal Framework and Policy Actions at the EU Level to Address Online Disinformation

pp 269-290

15 - Fighting Online Disinformation: Did the EU Code of Practice Forget about Freedom of Expression?

pp 291-308

16 - Regulating Internet Content with Technology: Analysis of Policy Initiatives Relevant to Illegal Content and Disinformation Online in the European Union

pp 309-326

17 - The War against Fake News in the Digital Age and the Weapons in Our Intellectual Arsenal

pp 327-340

18 - In the Name of Scientific Advancement: How to Assess What Constitutes ‘Scientific Research’ in the GDPR to Protect Data Subjects and Democracy

pp 341-366

19 - Tackling Mis-and Disinformation in the Context of Scientific Uncertainty: The Ongoing Case of the COVID-19 ‘Infodemic’

pp 367-387