Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T01:33:30.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Salivary Glands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2021

Ji-Weon Park
Affiliation:
Rush University, Chicago
Paolo Gattuso
Affiliation:
Rush University, Chicago
Vijaya B. Reddy
Affiliation:
Rush University, Chicago
Shahla Masood
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Get access

Summary

The majority of salivary gland lesions are benign. However, the lack of uniform reporting among institutions and the morphologic overlap, diversity, and heterogeneity of salivary gland neoplasms (due to cellularity, patterns, subtypes, and metaplastic changes) sometimes result in inconclusive, nonreproducible, descriptive diagnosis, thereby limiting the value of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC), a six-tiered evidence and risk based international consensus diagnostic classification, was first established in Milan, Italy, during the 2015 annual meeting of the European Cytology Congress. It aimed to standardize the nomenclature, to include ancillary techniques, to provide a risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category, and to guide clinical management in correlation with contrast enhanced CT or MRI findings.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Akhtar, I, Manucha, V, Gonzales, M. Salivary gland cytology; reclassification based on the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology: a tertiary care experience. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2017; 6: S34.Google Scholar
Faquin, WC, Rossi, ED, eds. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. Basel, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.Google Scholar
Griffith, CG, Siddiqui, MT, Schmitt, AC. Ancillary testing strategies in salivary gland aspiration cytology: A practical pattern-based approach. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45: 808819.Google Scholar
Layfield, LJ, Baloch, ZW, Hirschowitz, SL, Rossi, ED. Impact on clinical follow-up of the Milan system for salivary gland cytology: A comparison with a traditional diagnostic classification. Cytopathol 2018; 29: 335342.Google Scholar
Liu, H, Ljungren, C, Lin, F, et al. Analysis of histologic follow-up and risk of malignancy for salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential proposed by the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126: 490497.Google Scholar
Miller, JA, An, D, Shafique, K, et al. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration biopsy and the Milan system: An international multi-institutional study. J Am Soc Cyto 2019; 9: 18.Google Scholar
Rohilla, M, Singh, P, Rajwanshi, A, et al. Three year cytohistological correlation of salivary gland FNA cytology at a tertiary center with the application of the Milan system for risk stratification. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125: 767775.Google Scholar
Rossi, ED, Faquin, WC. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC): An international effort toward improved patient care- When the roots might be inspired by Leonardo Da Vinci. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126: 756766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossi, ED, Wong, LQ, Bizzaro, T. The impact of FNAC in the management of salivary gland lesions: Institutional experiences leading to a risk-based classification scheme. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124: 388396.Google Scholar
Savant, D, Jin, C, Chau, K, et al. Risk stratification of salivary gland cytology utilizing the Milan system of classification. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47: 172180.Google Scholar
Song, SJ, Shafique, K, Wong, L, et al. The utility of the Milan system as a risk stratification tool for salivary gland fine needle aspiration cytology specimens. Cytopathol 2019; 30: 9198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thiryayi, SA, Low, YX, Shelton, D, et al. A retrospective 3 year study of salivary gland FNAC with categorization using the Milan reporting system. Cytopathol 2018; 29: 343348.Google Scholar
Viswanathan, K, Sung, S, Scognamiglio, T, et al. The role of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: A 5-year institutional experience. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126: 541551.Google Scholar
Wei, S, Layfield, LJ, LiVolsi, VA, et al. Reporting of fine needle aspiration specimens of salivary gland lesions: a comprehensive review. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45: 820827.Google Scholar
Wu, HH, Alruwaii, F, Zeng, BR, et al. Application of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology. A retrospective 12-year bi-institutional study. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151: 613621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Secondary Sources

Darras, N, Mooney, KL, Long, SR. Diagnostic utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization testing on cytology cell block for the definitive classification of salivary gland neoplasms. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8, 157164.Google Scholar
Evrard, SM, Meilleroux, J, Daniel, G, et al. Use of fluorescent in-situ hybridization in salivary gland cytology: A powerful diagnostic tool. Cytopathol 2017; 28: 312320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foo, WC, Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Usefulness of translocation-associated immunohistochemical stains in the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124: 397405.Google Scholar
Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Ancillary testing in salivary gland cytology: A practical guide. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126: 627642.Google Scholar
Pusztaszeri, MP, Faquin, WC. Update in salivary gland cytopathology: Recent molecular advances and diagnostic applications. Sem Diagn Pathol 2015; 32: 264274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosai, ED, Faquin, WC, Baloch, ZM, et al. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: analysis and suggestions of initial survey. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125: 757766.Google Scholar
Skalova, A, Stenman, G, Simpson, RHW, et al. The role of molecular testing in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42: e11e27.Google Scholar
Stelow, EB. Updates in salivary gland fine needle aspiration biopsy. The use of the Milan system and ancillary testing. Surg Path 2018; 11: 489500.Google Scholar
Ascoli, V, Albedi, FM, De Blasiis, R, Nardi, F. Sialadenosis of the parotid gland: report of four cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 1993; 9: 151155.Google Scholar
Donath, K, Seifert, G. Ultrastructural studies of the parotid glands in sialadenosis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1975; 365: 119135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, S, Sodhani, P. Sialadenosis of parotid gland: a cytomorphologic and morphometric study of four cases. Anat Quant Cytol Histol 1998; 20: 225228.Google Scholar
Henry-Stanley, MJ, Beneke, J, Bardales, RH, Stanley, MW. Fine-needle aspiration of normal tissue from enlarged salivary glands: sialosis or missed target? Diagn Cytopathol 1995; 13: 300303.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle sampling of salivary gland lesions V: Cytology of 22 cases of acinic cell carcinoma with histologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17: 347352.Google Scholar
Layfield, LJ. Cytopathology of Head and Neck, ASCP Theory and Practice of Cytopathology Series, Chicago IL: ASCP, 1997.Google Scholar
Palma, O, Torri, AM, de Cristofaro, JA, Fiaccavento, S. Fine needle aspiration cytology in two cases of well-differentiated acinic-cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Discussion of diagnostic criteria. Acta Cytol 1985; 29: 516521.Google Scholar
Nasuti, JF, Gupta, PK, Fleisher, SR, LiVolsi, VA. Nontyrosine crystalloids in salivary gland lesions: report of seven cases with fine-needle aspiration cytology and follow-up surgical pathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2000; 22: 167171.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Bardales, RH, Beneke, J, et al. Sialolithiasis. Differential diagnostic problems in fine-needle aspiration cytology. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 106: 229233.Google Scholar
Zajicek, J, Eneroth, CM, Jakobsson, P. Aspiration biopsy of salivary gland tumors. VI. Morphologic studies on smears and histologic sections from mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Acta Cytol 1976; 20: 3541.Google Scholar
Chiu, CH, Lin, TY. Clinical and microbiological analysis of six children with acute suppurative parotitis. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85: 106108.Google Scholar
Johnson, FB, Oertel, YC, Ammann, K. Sialadenitis with crystalloid formation: a report of six cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 1995; 12: 7680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reyes, CV, Jensen, JD. Parotid abscess due to salmonella enteritidis: A case report. Acta Cytol 2006; 50: 677679.Google Scholar
Wax, TD, Layfield, LJ, Zaleski, S, et al. Cytomegalovirus sialadenitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a potential diagnostic pitfall with fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 10: 169172.Google Scholar
Cheuk, W, Chan, JK. Kuttner tumor of the submandibular gland: fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings of seven cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2002; 117: 103108.Google Scholar
Kaba, S, Kojima, M, Matsuda, H, et al. Kuttner’s tumor of the submandibular glands: report of five cases with fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34: 631635.Google Scholar
Kojima, M, Nakamura, S, Itoh, H, et al. Kuttner’s tumor of salivary glands resembling marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2004; 12: 389393.Google Scholar
Kojima, M, Nakamura, S, Itoh, H, et al. Sclerosing variant of follicular lymphoma arising from submandibular glands and resembling “Kuttner tumor”: a report of 3 patients. Int J Surg Pathol 2003; 11: 303307.Google Scholar
Sedhom, R, Sedhom, D, Strair, R. IgG4 related disease: A mini review. J Rare Dis Res Treat 2017; 2: 1823.Google Scholar
Abendroth, CS, Frauenhoffer, EE. Nodular fasciitis of the parotid gland. Report of a case with presentation in an unusual location and cytologic differential diagnosis. Acta Cytol 1995; 39: 530534.Google ScholarPubMed
Aggarwal, AP, Jayaram, G, Mandal, AK. Sarcoidosis diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology of salivary glands: a report of three cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1989; 5: 289292.Google Scholar
Chhieng, DC, Cohen, JM, Cangiarella, JF. Fine-needle aspiration of spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions of the salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 2000; 23: 253259.Google Scholar
Frable, MA, Frable, WJ. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: efficacy in the diagnosis of head and neck sarcoidosis. Laryngoscope 1984; 94: 12811283.Google Scholar
Hughes, JH, Volk, EE, Wilbur, DC. Cytopathology Resource Committee, College of American Pathologists. Pitfalls in salivary gland fine-needle aspiration cytology: lessons from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology. Archives Path Lab Med 2005; 129: 2631.Google Scholar
Mair, S, Leiman, G, Levinsohn, D. Fine needle aspiration cytology of parotid sarcoidosis. Acta Cytol 1989; 33: 169172.Google ScholarPubMed
Perez-Guillermo, M, Perez, JS, Parr, FJE. Asteroid bodies and calcium oxalate crystals: two infrequent findings in fine-needle aspirates of parotid sarcoidosis. Diagn Cytopathol 1992; 8: 248252.Google Scholar
Saad, RS, Takei, H, Lipscomb, J, Ruiz, B. Nodular fasciitis of parotid region: a pitfall in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2005; 33: 191194.Google Scholar
Zhang, S, Bao, R, Bagby, J, Abreo, F. Fine needle aspiration of salivary glands: 5-year experience form a single academic center. Acta Cytol 2009; 53: 375382.Google Scholar
Benharrats, I, Jacob, L, Taulera, O. Parotitis due to Mycobacterium and HIV infection. Rev Med Interne 1998; 19: 676677.Google Scholar
Chhieng, DC, Argosino, R, McKenna, BJ, et al. Utility of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21: 260264.Google Scholar
Finfer, MD, Gallo, L, Perchick, A, et al. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of cystic benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Acta Cytol 1990; 34: 821826.Google Scholar
Michelow, P, Dezube, BJ, Pantanowitz, L. Fine needle aspiration of salivary gland masses in HIV-infected patients. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40: 684690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weidner, N, Geisinger, KR, Sterling, RT, et al. Benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid gland. A histologic, cytologic, and ultrastructural study. Am J Clin Pathol 1986; 85: 395401.Google Scholar
Brauneis, J, Schroder, M, Laskawi, R, Droese, M. The significance and limits of cytologic diagnosis in myoepithelial sialadenitis. Laryngorhinootologie 1989; 68: 209211.Google Scholar
Chai, C, Dodd, LG, Glasgow, BJ, Layfield, LJ. Salivary gland lesions with a prominent lymphoid component: cytologic findings and differential diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17: 183190.Google Scholar
Fox, RI. Sjogren’s syndrome. Lancet 2005; 366: 321331.Google Scholar
Ruschenburg, I, Kneitz, S, Brinck, U, et al. Myoepithelial sialadenitis versus low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the salivary gland in FNAB: is discrimination by means of an image processing system possible? In Vivo 1999; 13: 515518.Google ScholarPubMed
Allen, EA, Syed, ZA, Mathew, S. Lymphoid lesions of the parotid. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21: 170173.Google Scholar
Chhieng, DC, Cangiarella, JF, Cohen, JM. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative lesions involving the major salivary glands. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 113: 563571.Google Scholar
Layfield, LJ, Gopez, E, Hirschowitz, S. Cost efficiency analysis for fine-needle aspiration in the workup of parotid and submandibular gland nodules. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34: 734738.Google Scholar
Carson, HJ, Raslan, WF, Castelli, MJ, Gattuso, P. Tyrosine crystals in benign parotid gland cysts: report of two cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy with ultrastructural and histochemical evaluation. Am J Clin Pathol 1994; 102: 699702.Google Scholar
Oliveira, DT, Consolaro, A, Freitas, FJ. Histopathological spectrum of 112 cases of mucocele. Braz Dent J 1993; 4: 2936.Google Scholar
Seifert, G, Donath, K, von Gumberz, C. Mucoceles of the minor salivary glands. Extravasation mucoceles (mucus granulomas) and retention mucoceles (mucus retention cysts). HNO 1981; 29: 179191.Google ScholarPubMed
Eneroth, CM, Zajicek, J. Aspiration biopsy of salivary gland tumors: III. Morphologic studies on smears and histologic sections from 368 mixed tumors. Acta Cytol 1966; 10: 440454.Google Scholar
Foo, WC, Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Usefulness of translocation-associated immunohistochemical stains in the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124: 397405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle sampling of salivary gland lesions. I. Cytology and histology correlation of 412 cases of pleomorphic adenoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1996; 14: 195200.Google Scholar
Lee, SS, Cho, KJ, Jang, JJ, Ham, EK. Differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma from pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland on fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 1996; 40: 12461252.Google Scholar
Matsuyama, A, Hisaoka, M, Nagao, Y, Hashimoto, H. Aberrant PLAG1 expression in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland: a molecular, genetic and immunohistochemical study. Virchows Arch 2011; 458: 583592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagel, H, Hotze, HJ, Laskawi, R, et al. Cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 20: 358366.Google Scholar
Point du Jour, K, Griffith, CC. The role of ancillary techniques in salivary gland cytopathology specimens. Acta Cytol 2019; 3: 111.Google Scholar
Pusztaszeri, MP, Sadow, PM, Ushiku, A, et al. MYB is a useful ancillary test for distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from pleomorphic adenoma in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2014; 122(4): 257265.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Horwitz, CA, Rollins, SD, et al. Basal cell (monomorphic) and minimally pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Distinction from the solid (anaplastic) type of adenoid cystic carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 106: 3541.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Lowhagen, T. Mucin production by pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland: a cytologic spectrum. Diagn Cytopathol 1990; 6: 4952.Google Scholar
Viguer, JM, Vicandi, B, Jimenez-Heffernan, JA, et al. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pleomorphic adenoma. An analysis of 212 cases. Acta Cytol 1997; 41: 786794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, GC, Waisman, J. Distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from cylindromatous adenomas in salivary fine-needle aspirates: the cytologic clues and their ultrastructural basis. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34: 284288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chhieng, DC, Paulino, A. Basaloid tumors of the salivary glands. Ann Diagn Pathol 2002; 6: 363372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foo, WC, Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Usefulness of translocation-associated immunohistochemical stains in the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124: 397405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hara, H, Oyama, T, Saku, T. Fine needle aspiration cytology of basal adenoma of the salivary gland. Acta Cytol 2007; 51: 685691.Google Scholar
Hood, IC, Qizilbash, AH, Salama, SS, Alexopoulou, I. Basal cell adenoma of parotid. Difficulty of differentiation from adenoid cystic carcinoma on aspiration biopsy. Acta Cytol 1983; 27: 515520.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, El-Naggar, AK, Vielh, P. Comparative cytologic and histologic study of fifteen basal cell tumors: Differential diagnostic considerations. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21: 3034.Google Scholar
Schmitt, AC, Griffith, CC., Cohen, C, Siddiqui, MT. LEF-1: Diagnostic utility in distinguishing basaloid neoplasms of the salivary gland. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45(12): 10781083.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Horwitz, CA, Henry, MJ, et al. Basal cell adenoma of the salivary gland: a benign adenoma that cytologically mimics adenoid cystic carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1988; 4: 342346.Google Scholar
Chhieng, DC, Paulino, A. Cytology of myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland. A study of 4 cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2002; 96: 3236.Google Scholar
Darvishian, F, Lin, O. Myoepithelial cell-rich neoplasms. Cytologic features of benign and malignant lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2004; 102: 355361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Das, DK, Haji, BE, Ahmed, MS, Hossain, MN. Myoepithelioma of the parotid gland initially diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry: a case report. Acta Cytol 2005; 49: 6570.Google Scholar
DiPalma, S, Alasio, L, Pilotti, S. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) appearances of malignant myoepithelioma of the parotid gland. Cytopathology 1996; 7: 357365.Google Scholar
Dodd, LG, Caraway, NP, Luna, MA, Byers, RM. Myoepithelioma of the parotid. Report of a case initially examined by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Acta Cytol 1994; 38: 417421.Google ScholarPubMed
Foo, WC, Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Usefulness of translocation-associated immunohistochemical stains in the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124: 397405.Google Scholar
Kumar, PV, Sobhani, SA, Monabati, A, et al. Myoepithelioma of the salivary glands, fine-needle aspiration findings. Acta Cytol 2004; 48: 302308.Google Scholar
Miliauskas, JR, Orell, SV. Fine-needle aspiration cytological findings in five cases of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 2003; 28: 163167.Google Scholar
Nagao, T, Sugano, I, Ishida, Y, et al. Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands: comparison with basal cell adenoma through assessment of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of p53 and bcl-2. Cancer 1998; 82; 439447.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramdall, RB, Cai, G, Levine, P, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings in epithelioid myoepithelioma of the parotid gland: A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34: 776779.Google Scholar
Siddaraju, N, Badhe, BA, Gonneppanavar, M, Mishra, MM. Preoperative fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of spindle cell myoepithelioma of the parotid gland: a case report. Acta Cytol 2008; 52: 495499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eneroth, CM, Zajicek, J. Aspiration biopsy of salivary gland tumors II. Morphologic studies on smears and histologic sections from oncocytic tumors (45 cases of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum and 4 cases of oncocytoma). Acta Cytol 1965; 9: 355361.Google Scholar
Griffith, CG, Siddiqui, MT, Schmitt, AC. Ancillary testing strategies in salivary gland aspiration cytology: A practical pattern-based approach. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45: 808819.Google Scholar
Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Ancillary testing in salivary gland cytology: A practical guide. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126: 627642.Google Scholar
Layfield, LJ. Cytopathology of Head and Neck, ASCP Theory and Practice of Cytopathology Series, Chicago IL: ASCP, 1997.Google Scholar
Rooper, LM, Onenerk, M, Siddiqui, MT, et al. Nodular oncocytic hyperplasia: Can cytomorphology allow for the preoperative diagnosis of a non-neoplastic salivary disease. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125: 627634.Google Scholar
Schmitt, AC, Cohen, C, Siddiqui, MT. Expression of SOX10 in salivary gland oncocytic neoplasms: A review and a comparative analysis with other immunohistochemical markers. Acta Cytol 2015; 59(5): 384390.Google Scholar
Ballo, MS, Shin, HJC, Sneige, N. Sources of diagnostic error in fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of Warthin’s tumor and clues to a correct diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17: 230234.Google Scholar
Griffith, CG, Siddiqui, MT, Schmitt, AC. Ancillary testing strategies in salivary gland aspiration cytology: A practical pattern-based approach. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45: 808819.Google Scholar
Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Ancillary testing in salivary gland cytology: A practical guide. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126: 627642.Google Scholar
Kim, JY, Yoo, YS, Kwon, JE, et al. Fine-needle aspiration cytology with c-kit immunocytochemical staining in the diagnosis of Warthin’s tumor. Acta Cytol 2012; 56: 474480.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle sampling of salivary gland lesions II. Cytology and histology correlation of 71 cases of Warthin’s tumor. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 16: 221225.Google Scholar
Laucirica, R, Farnum, JB, Leopold, SK, et al. False-positive diagnosis in fine-needle aspiration of an atypical Warthin’s tumor: histochemical differential stains for cytodiagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 1989; 5: 412415.Google Scholar
Mandel, L, Tomkoria, A. Differentiating HIV-1 parotid cysts from papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131: 772776.Google Scholar
Verma, K, Kapila, K. Salivary gland tumors with a prominent oncocytic component. Cytologic findings and differential diagnosis of oncocytomas and Warthin’s tumor on fine needle aspirates. Acta Cytol 2003; 47: 221226.Google Scholar
Clauditz, TS, Gontarewicz, A, Wang, CJ, et al. 11q21 rearrangement is a frequent and highly specific genetic alteration in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Diagn Mol Pathol 2012; 21: 134137.Google Scholar
Cohen, MB, Fisher, PE, Holly, EA, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Statistical analysis. Acta Cytol 1990: 34: 4349.Google Scholar
Darras, N, Mooney, KL, Long, SR. Diagnostic utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization testing on cytology cell block for the definitive classification of salivary gland neoplasms. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8, 157164.Google Scholar
Evrard, SM, Meilleroux, J, Daniel, G, et al. Use of fluorescent in-situ hybridization in salivary gland cytology: A powerful diagnostic tool. Cytopathol 2017; 28: 312320.Google Scholar
Goode, RK, Auclair, PL, Ellis, GL. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands. Clinical and histopathologic analysis of 234 cases with evaluation of grading criteria. Cancer 1998; 82: 12171224.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle sampling of salivary gland lesions IV. Review of 50 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma with histologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17: 9298.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordvist, A, Gustafsson, H, Juberg-Ode, M, et al. Recurrent rearrangements of 11q14-22 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1994; 74: 7783.Google Scholar
Zajicek, J, Eneroth, CM, Jakobsson, P. Aspiration biopsy of salivary gland tumors VI. Morphologic studies on smears and histologic sections from mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Acta Cytol 1976; 20: 3541.Google Scholar
Darras, N, Mooney, KL, Long, SR. Diagnostic utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization testing on cytology cell block for the definitive classification of salivary gland neoplasms. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8: 157164.Google Scholar
Eneroth, CM, Zajicek, J. Aspiration biopsy of salivary gland tumors IV. Morphologic studies on smears and histologic sections from 45 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Acta Cytol 1969; 19: 5963.Google Scholar
Evrard, SM, Meilleroux, J, Daniel, G, et al. Use of fluorescent in-situ hybridization in salivary gland cytology: A powerful diagnostic tool. Cytopathol 2017; 28: 312320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foo, WC, Jo, VY, Krane, JF. Usefulness of translocation-associated immunohistochemical stains in the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124: 397405.Google Scholar
Hudson, JB, Collins, BT. MYB gene abnormalities t(6; 9) in adenoid cystic carcinoma fine needle aspiration biopsy using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138: 403409.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle aspiration sampling of salivary gland lesions III. Cytologic and histologic correlations of 75 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma: review and experience at the Institut Curie with emphasis on cytologic pitfalls. Diagn Cytopathol 1997 17: 3641.Google Scholar
Layfield, LJ, Glasgow, BJ. Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors by fine-needle aspiration cytology: a review of clinical utility and pitfalls. Diagn Cytopathol 1991; 7: 267272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Layfield, LJ, Tan, P, Glasgow, BJ. Fine-needle aspiration of salivary gland lesions. Comparison with frozen sections and histologic findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987; 111: 346353.Google Scholar
Lee, SS, Cho, KJ, Jang, JJ, Ham, EK. Differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma from pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland on fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 1996; 40: 12461252.Google Scholar
Nagel, H, Hotze, HJ, Laskawi, R, et al. Cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 20: 358366.3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Persson, M, Andren, Y, Mark, J, et al. Recurrent fusion of MYB and NFIB transcription factor genes in carcinomas of the breast and head and neck. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 1874018744.Google Scholar
Stallmach, I, Zenklusen, P, Komminoth, P, et al. Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 6q23-35 correlates with clinical and histologic parameters in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinomaVirchows Archiv 2002; 440: 7784.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Horwitz, CA, Rollins, SD, et al. Basal cell (monomorphic) and minimally pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Distinction from the solid (anaplastic) type of adenoid cystic carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 106: 3541.Google Scholar
West, RB, Kong, C, Clarke, N, et al. MYB expression and translocation in adenoid cystic carcinomas and other salivary gland tumors with clinicopathologic correlation. Am J Surg Path 2011; 35: 9299.Google Scholar
Yang, GC, Waisman, J. Distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from cylindromatous adenomas in salivary fine-needle aspirates: the cytologic clues and their ultrastructural basis. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34: 284288.Google Scholar
Canberk, S, Onenerk, M, Sayman, E, et al. Is DOG1 really useful in the diagnosis of salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma? A DOG1 (clone K9) analysis in fine needle aspiration cell blocks and the review of the literature. Cytojournal 2015; 12: 18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle sampling of salivary gland lesions V. Cytology of 22 cases of acinic cell carcinoma with histologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17: 347352.Google Scholar
Nagel, H, Laskawi, R, Buter, JJ, et al. Cytologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 16: 402412.Google Scholar
Palma, O, Torri, AM, de Cristofaro, JA, Fiaccavento, S. Fine-needle aspiration of two cases of well differentiated acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Discussion of diagnostic criteria. Acta Cytol 1985; 29: 516521.Google Scholar
Schmitt, AC, Cohen, C, Siddiqui, MT. Expression of SOX10 in salivary gland oncocytic neoplasms: A review and a comparative analysis with other immunohistochemical markers. Acta Cytol 2015; 59: 384390.Google Scholar
Takahashi, H, Fujita, S, Okabe, H, et al. Distribution of tissue markers in acinic cell carcinomas of salivary gland. Pathol Res Pract 1992; 188: 692700.Google Scholar
Bishop, JA, Yonescu, R, Batista, DA, et al. Cytopathologic features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121: 228233.Google Scholar
Griffith, CC, Stelow, EB, Saqi, A, et al. The cytological features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. A series of 6 molecularly confirmed cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121: 234241.Google Scholar
Levine, P, Fried, K, Krevitt, LD, et al. Aspiration biopsy of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of accessory parotid gland: Another diagnostic dilemma in matrix-containing tumors of the salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42: 4953.Google Scholar
Skálová, A, Vanecek, T, Sima, R, et al. Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands, containing the ETV6 NTRK3 fusion gene: a hitherto undescribed salivary gland tumor entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34: 599608.Google Scholar
Urano, M, Nagao, T, Miyabe, S, et al. Characterization of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: Discrimination from its mimics by the presence of the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation and novel surrogate markers. Hum Pathol 2015; 46: 94103.Google Scholar
Andreasen, S, Melchior, LC, Kiss, K, et al. The PRKD1 E710D hot spot mutation is highly specific in separating polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the palate from adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma on FNA. Cancer Cytopath 2018; 126: 275–81.Google Scholar
Frierson, HF, Covell, JL, Mills, SE. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of terminal duct carcinoma of minor salivary gland. Diagn Cytopathol 1987; 3: 159162.Google Scholar
Gailey, MP, Bayon, R, Robinson, RA. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland: A report of two cases with an emphasis on cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42: 10851090.Google Scholar
Gibbons, D, Saboorian, MH, Vuitch, F, et al. Fine-needle aspiration findings in patients with polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands. Cancer (Cytopathol) 1999; 87: 3136.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Viehl, P. Salivary carcinomas with papillae: Cytology and histology analysis of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and papillary cystadenocarcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 19: 244249.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pagano, A, Dennis, K. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary gland arising in the tonsil with metastasis to a cervical lymph node: A case report with description of fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017: 45; 468471.Google Scholar
Rooper, L, Sharma, R, Bishop, JA. Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma has a consistent p63+/p40- immunophenotype that helps distinguish it from adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma. Head Neck Pathol 2015; 9: 7984.Google Scholar
Antonescu, CR, Katabi, N, Zhang, L, et al. EWSR1-ATF1 fusion is a novel and consistent finding in hyalinizing clear-cell carcinoma of salivary gland. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50: 559570.Google Scholar
Carillo, R, Poblet, E, Rocanora, E, Rodriguez-Peralto, JL. Epithelial myoepithelial cell carcinoma of the salivary glands: Fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings. Acta Cytol 1990; 34: 243247.Google Scholar
Fulciniti, F, Pia Curcio, M, Liguori, G, et al. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: report of a recurrent case with aggressive cytomorphology and behavior diagnosed on fine-needle cytology sample. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42: 6368.Google Scholar
Kawahara, A, Harada, H, Yokoyama, T, Kage, M. p63 expression of clear myoepithelial cells in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland: a useful marker for naked myoepithelial cells in cytology. Cancer 2005; 105: 240245.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine needle sampling of salivary gland lesions VII. Cytology and histology correlation of 5 cases of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 19: 405409.Google Scholar
Kocjan, G, Milroy, C, Fisher, EW, Eveson, JW. Cytologic features of Epithelial myoepithelial cell carcinoma of the salivary gland: potential pitfalls in diagnosis. Cytopathology 1993; 4: 173180.Google Scholar
Milchgrub, MS, Vuitch, F, Saboorian, MH, et al. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of salivary glands in fine needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 2000; 23: 333337.Google Scholar
Miliauskas, JR, Orell, SR. Fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings in 5 cases of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 2003; 28: 163167.Google Scholar
Udager, AM, Rungta, SA. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, of the parotid gland: a case report, review of literature, and proposed algorithmic approach to salivary gland clear cell neoplasms in fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42: 974983.Google Scholar
Wax, T, Layfield, LJ. Epithelial myoepithelial cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. A case report and comparison of cytologic features with other stromal, epithelial, and myoepithelial cell containing lesions of the salivary glands. Diagn Cytopathol 1996; 14: 298304.Google Scholar
Bonneau, H, Sommer, D. L’orientation du diagnostic des tumeurs salivaires par la ponction a l’aiguille fine. Pathol Biol 1959; 7: 785791.Google Scholar
Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine needle sampling of salivary gland lesions VI. Cytologic review of 44 cases of primary salivary squamous cell carcinoma with histological correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 18: 174178.Google Scholar
Lee, S, Kim, GE, Park, CS, et al. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Am J Otolaryngol 2001; 22: 400406.Google Scholar
Chiosea, SI, Thompson, LD, Weiner, I, et al. Subsets of salivary duct carcinoma defined by morphologic evidence of pleomorphic adenoma, PLAG1 or HMGA2 rearrangements, and common genetic alterations. Cancer 2016; 122: 31363144.Google Scholar
El-Naggar, AK, Callender, D, Coombes, MM, et al. Molecular genetic alterations in carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma: a putative progression model? Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 27: 162168.Google Scholar
Eneroth, CM, Franzen, S, Zajicek, J. Cytologic diagnosis on aspirate from 1000 salivary gland tumours. Acta Otolaryngol 1967; 24: 168171.Google Scholar
Katabi, N, Ghossein, R, Ho, A, et al. Consistent PLAG1 and HMGA2 abnormalities distinguish carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma from its de novo counterparts. Hum Pathol 2015; 46: 2633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klijanienko, J, El-Naggar, AK, Vielh, P. Fine-needle sampling findings in 26 carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas: Diagnostic pitfalls and clinical considerations. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21: 163166.Google Scholar
Klitz, B, Pitman, MB. Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: pitfalls in fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis. Acta Cytol 1994; 38: 855(abstract).Google Scholar
Layfield, LJ, Glasgow, BJ. Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors by fine-needle aspiration cytology: a review of clinical utility and pitfalls. Diagn Cytopathol 1991; 7: 267272.Google Scholar
Matsuyama, A, Hisaoka, M, Nagao, Y, Hashimoto, H. Aberrant PLAG1 expression in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland: a molecular genetic and immunohistochemical study. Virchows Arch 2011; 458: 583592.Google Scholar
Orell, SR. Diagnostic difficulties in the interpretation of fine needle aspirates of salivary gland lesions: the problem revisited. Cytopathology 1995; 6: 285300.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Bardales, RH, Farmer, CE, et al. Primary and metastatic high grade carcinomas of the salivary glands. A cytologic-histologic correlation study of 20 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1995; 13: 3743.Google Scholar
Khurana, KK, Pitman, MB, Powers, CN, et al. Diagnostic pitfalls of aspiration cytology of salivary duct carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 81: 373378.Google Scholar
Nasser, SM, Faquin, WC, Dayal, Y. Expression of androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors in salivary gland tumors. Frequent expression of androgen receptors in a subset of malignant salivary gland tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 2003; 119: 801806.Google Scholar
Skálová, A, Stárek, , I, Kucerová, V, et al. Salivary duct carcinoma. A highly aggressive salivary gland tumor with HER-2/neu oncoprotein overexpression. Pathol Res Pract 2001; 197: 621626.Google Scholar
Brauneis, J, Schroder, M, Laskawi, R, Droese, M. The significance and limits of cytologic diagnosis in myoepithelial sialadenitis. Laryngorhinootologie 1989; 68: 209211.Google Scholar
Chai, C, Dodd, LG, Glasgow, BJ, Layfield, LJ. Salivary gland lesions with a prominent lymphoid component: cytologic findings and differential diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17: 183190.Google Scholar
Kojima, M, Nakamura, S, Ichimura, K, et al. Follicular lymphoma of the salivary gland: a clinicopathological and molecular study of six cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2001; 9: 287293.Google Scholar
Kojima, M, Nakamura, S, Itoh, H, et al. Kuttner’s tumor of salivary glands resembling marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2004; 12: 389393.Google Scholar
Kojima, M, Nakamura, S, Itoh, H, et al. Sclerosing variant of follicular lymphoma arising from submandibular glands and resembling “Kuttner tumor”: a report of 3 patients. Int J Surg Pathol 2003 11: 303307.Google Scholar
Nakamura, S, Ichimura, K, Sato, Y, et al. Follicular lymphoma frequently originates in the salivary gland. Pathol Int 2006; 56: 576583.Google Scholar
Ochoa, ER, Harris, NL, Pilch, BZ. Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the salivary gland arising in chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Kuttner’s tumor). Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25: 15461550.Google Scholar
Ruschenburg, I, Kneitz, S, Brinck, U, et al. Myoepithelial sialadenitis versus low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the salivary gland in FNAB: Is discrimination by means of an image processing system possible? In Vivo 1999; 13: 515518.Google Scholar
Stacchini, A, Aliberti, S, Pacchioni, D, et al. Flow cytometry significantly improves the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative lesions of salivary glands. Cytopathol 2014; 25: 231240.Google Scholar
Wolvius, EB, van der Valk, P, van der Wal, JE, et al. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the salivary glands. An analysis of 22 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 1996; 25: 177181.Google Scholar
Eishenawy, Y, Youngberg, G, Al-Abbadi, MA. Unusual clinical presentation of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the parotid gland; initially discovered by fine needle aspiration: case report and review of literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 39: 373376.Google Scholar
Lussier, C, Klijanienko, J, Vielh, P. Fine-needle aspiration of metastatic nonlymphomatous tumors to the major salivary glands. A clinicopathologic study of 40 cases cytologically diagnosed and histologically correlated. Cancer (Cytopathol) 2000; 90: 350356.Google Scholar
Zhang, C, Cohen, JM, Cangiarella, JF, et al. Fine-needle aspiration of secondary neoplasms involving the salivary glands. A report of 36 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 113: 2128.Google Scholar
Moore, JG, Bocklage, T. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands: presentation of two cases, literature review, and differential cytodiagnosis of high-grade salivary gland malignancies. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 19: 4450.Google Scholar
Stanley, MW, Bardales, RH, Farmer, CE, et al. Primary and metastatic high-grade carcinomas of the salivary glands: a cytologic-histologic correlation study of twenty cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1995; 13: 3743.Google Scholar
Wang, H, Hoda, RS, Faquin, W, et al. FNA biopsy of secondary non lymphomatous malignancies in salivary glands: A multi-institutional study of 184 cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125: 91103.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×