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11 - Dendritic cells in the gut and their possible role in disease

from IV - Dendritic cells and immune evasion of bacteria in vivo

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2009

By
Christoph Becker
Edited by
Maria Rescigno
Maria Rescigno
Affiliation:
European Institute of Oncology, Milan
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Summary

The gut represents the largest lymphoid tissue of the whole body. The delicate task of the intestinal immune system is the discrimination of harmless food antigens and the commensal bacterial flora from harmful pathogens. Under normal physiologic conditions, immune tolerance is induced to non-pathogenic stimuli while effective immune responses are generated toward dangerous pathogens. Thus “decision making” is an important feature of the intestinal immune system. If inappropriate responses are generated, serious inflammation of the small and large intestine may develop. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are the two prototypes of such inflammatory bowel disease that are believed to develop as a consequence of a disregulated immune response toward harmless antigens. Despite our limited knowledge on the mechanisms of such “decision making” in the gut, recent evidence suggest an important role of intestinal dendritic cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) can be found in large numbers throughout the gastrointestinal tract where they usually build a tight network underlying the epithelium. This chapter will discuss their contribution to the induction of tolerance and immunity in the intestinal immune system as well as a possible role of these DCs in localized immune responses predisposing the terminal ileum for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW

The intestinal immune system can be functionally separated into an inductive site and an effector site. The prototypic inductive site in the small intestine is the Peyer's patch, a localized lymphoid structure placed within the bowel wall.

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Dendritic Cell Interactions with Bacteria , pp. 223 - 242
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×