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6 - Language and meaning

from II - Philosophy

Ugo Zilioli
Affiliation:
University of Pisa, Italy
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Summary

THE CYRENAICS ON LANGUAGE

Among the sources on the Cyrenaics, Sextus is the only one who reports a rather interesting Cyrenaic argument on language. I quote Sextus' passage in full:

They [the Cyrenaics] say that no criterion is common to human beings, common names are assigned to objects [onomata de koina tithesthai tois chrēmasin]. (196) All in common in fact call something white or sweet, but they do not have something common that is white or sweet. Each human being is aware of his own private affection. One cannot say, however, whether this affection occurs in oneself and in one's neighbour from a white object, since one cannot grasp the affection of the neighbour, nor can his neighbour, since he cannot feel the affection of that other person. (197) And since no affection is common to us all, it is hasty to declare that what appears to me a certain way appears the same way to my neighbour as well. Perhaps I am constituted so as to be whitened by the external object when it comes into contact with my senses, while another person has the senses constructed so as to have been disposed differently. In any case, the phainomenon is absolutely not common to us all [ou pantōs oun koinon esti tophainomenon hēmin].[…]

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The Cyrenaics , pp. 131 - 148
Publisher: Acumen Publishing
Print publication year: 2012

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